Zoology 10th Edition by Stephen Miller,John Harley

Exercise 8

Protozoans are unicellular chemoheterotrophs. Some move by flagella, pseudopods, or cilia. Most are free living but some are pathogens in humans and animals. Many have complex life cycles. Protozoan homeostasis is maintained by specialized structures. A region analogous to a mouth is called a cytopharynx; digestion can occur within food vacuoles; wastes are removed by egestion vacuoles or a cytopyge. Protozoans can reproduce by binary fission, budding, multiple fission or schizogony, and by sexual methods.
What physiological processes in protists are analogous to excretory and digestive functions of animals?