Animal Diversity 7th Edition by Cleveland Hickman,Larry Roberts,Susan Keen ,Allan Larson,David Eisenhour

Exercise 1

If a taxonomist constructs a rooted phylogentic tree for a group of living species, the structure of the tree alone can be used to distinguish hypotheses of monophyly versus nonmonophyly of a particular subgroup. If monophyly is rejected for a particular subgroup, tree topology alone cannot distinguish paraphyly from polyphyly. What additional information is needed to distinguish paraphyly from polyphyly?