Introduction to Psychology 10th Edition by Rod Plotnik,Haig Kouyoumdjian

Exercise 3

According to Kohlberg's theory, moral reasoning can be classified into three levels, and everyone progresses through the levels in the same order. However, not all adults reach the higher stages. The first level, the (a) _____ level, has two stages. In stage 1, moral decisions are determined primarily through fear of punishment, while at stage 2 they are guided by satisfying one's self-interest. The second level, the (b) _____ level, also has two stages. In the first of these, stage 3, people conform to the standards of others they value; in stage 4, they conform to the laws of society. In the third level, the (c) _____ level, moral decisions are made after thinking about all the alternatives and striking a balance between human rights and the laws of society.