Integrated Principles of Zoology 14th Edition by Cleveland Hickman, Larry Roberts, Susan Keen, Allan Larson

Exercise 9

Make a cladogram that includes the following groups of fishes: chondrosteans, elasmobranchs, hagfishes, holocephalans, lampreys, lungfishes, teleosts. Add the following synapomorphies to the diagram: claspers, cranium, endochondral bone, fleshy fins, jaws, vertebrae.