Essentials of Contemporary Management 7th Edition by Gareth Jones,Jennifer George

Exercise 21

After implementing efficiency improving techniques, many companies commonly lay off hundreds or thousands of employees whose services are no longer required. And frequently, the remaining employees must perform more tasks more quickly-a situation that can generate employee stress and other work-related problems. In addition, these employees may experience "survivor's guilt" because they kept their jobs while many of their colleagues and friends were let go.
What criteria would you use to decide what kind of technique is ethical to adopt and how far to push employees to raise the level of their performance?