Exam 4: Volcanism and Extrusive Rocks

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_____ are tunnel-like caves within a lava flow.

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_____ describes the surface of a basalt flow with a jagged, rubble surface.

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Volcanic rocks, and the magma from which they formed, have a silica content that ranges from 45% to 75% by volume.

(True/False)
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________ are cavities in extrusive rocks resulting from gas bubbles in the lava.

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The last volcano to erupt in the continental 48 states was __.

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Over 34,000 people died as a result of the ______ generated by the eruption of Krakatoa in 1883.

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Eruptions of shield volcanoes fed by mafic magma tend __.

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Tuff is a rock composed of fine-grained pyroclastic particles.

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_________ is a hill or mountain formed by the extrusion of lava or ejection of rock fragments from a vent.

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_____ refers to a rock's appearance with respect to the size, shape, and arrangement of its grains or other constituents.

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The largest pyroclasts are __.

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The most abundant silicic volcanic rock is __.

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Several times in Earth's history, outpourings of magma covered many thousands of square kilometers in multiple flows called __.

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Pahoehoe lava flow is characterized by a ropy or billowy surface.

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A _____ is a mixture of gas and pyroclastic debris that is so dense that it hugs the ground as it flows rapidly into low areas.

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Volcanic eruptions have no effect on climate.

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The Roman city of _____ was destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD.

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Tsunamis account for most fatalities in volcanic eruptions.

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Pillow structures, pillow-shaped rounded masses, form where lava is extruded under water.

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How do scientists indicate the power of a volcanic eruption?

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