Question 1

The most common minerals in a granite are the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxides 
B)  carbonates 
C)  feldspars 
D)  ferromagnesians 
E)  micas 
A)  oxides 
B)  carbonates 
C)  feldspars 
D)  ferromagnesians 
E)  micas

Question 2

_____ rocks have coarse crystals in a fine-grained matrix.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ultramafic 
B)  Granite 
C)  Sill 
D)  Pegmatite 
E)  Porphyritic 
A)  Ultramafic 
B)  Granite 
C)  Sill 
D)  Pegmatite 
E)  Porphyritic

Question 3

The term mafic comes from the terms magnesium and ferric.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Igneous rocks may be either ____ if they form on or near Earth's surface, or ___ if they solidify under ground.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrusive; volcanic 
B)  volcanic; extrusive 
C)  extrusive; intrusive 
D)  plutonic; intrusive 
E)  intrusive; extrusive 
A)  intrusive; volcanic 
B)  volcanic; extrusive 
C)  extrusive; intrusive 
D)  plutonic; intrusive 
E)  intrusive; extrusive

Question 5

_____, a coarse-grained rock composed of pyroxene and olivine, is the most abundant ultramafic rock.

Accepted Answer

A)  Diorite 
B)  Gabbro 
C)  Granite 
D)  Peridotite 
E)  Hematite 
A)  Diorite 
B)  Gabbro 
C)  Granite 
D)  Peridotite 
E)  Hematite

Question 6

How is a sill different from a dike?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sill is tabular in shape. 
B)  Dikes are intrusive structures. 
C)  Dikes are fine-grained and sills are coarse-grained. 
D)  Sills are parallel to the layering in the country rock. 
E)  A sill is shaped like a mattress, while a dike is shaped like a pillow. 
A)  The sill is tabular in shape. 
B)  Dikes are intrusive structures. 
C)  Dikes are fine-grained and sills are coarse-grained. 
D)  Sills are parallel to the layering in the country rock. 
E)  A sill is shaped like a mattress, while a dike is shaped like a pillow.

Question 7

An ultramafic rock is composed almost entirely of quartz.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Viscosity is a property of a fluid that relates to how easily the fluid flows. A material that is viscous __.

Accepted Answer

A)  flows easily 
B)  flows less easily 
C)  is always hot 
D)  is always a solid 
E)  is always cold 
A)  flows easily 
B)  flows less easily 
C)  is always hot 
D)  is always a solid 
E)  is always cold

Question 9

The melting point of a mineral generally _____ with increasing pressure (or depth).

Accepted Answer

A)  does not change 
B)  decreases 
C)  increases 
D)  becomes dependent on rock type 
E)  is unknown 
A)  does not change 
B)  decreases 
C)  increases 
D)  becomes dependent on rock type 
E)  is unknown

Question 10

The geothermal gradient is the rate at which pressure increases with increasing depth beneath the surface.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The coarse-grained equivalent of basalt is a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  andesite 
B)  gabbro 
C)  granite 
D)  diorite 
E)  rhyolite 
A)  andesite 
B)  gabbro 
C)  granite 
D)  diorite 
E)  rhyolite

Question 12

A mineral's melting point generally increases with increasing pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A _______ is a tabular (thin but large area) intrusive body that is concordant (parallel to the host rock structure).

Accepted Answer

A)  dike 
B)  mantle 
C)  threshold 
D)  sill 
E)  neck 
A)  dike 
B)  mantle 
C)  threshold 
D)  sill 
E)  neck

Question 14

________ lava is largely restricted to narrow zones along convergent plate boundaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  Granite 
B)  Andesite 
C)  Rhyolite 
D)  Ultramafic 
E)  Carbonate 
A)  Granite 
B)  Andesite 
C)  Rhyolite 
D)  Ultramafic 
E)  Carbonate

Question 15

Under ideal conditions rock can melt and yield a granite composition at temperatures as low as ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  100$\degree$ Celsius 
B)  225$\degree$ Celsius 
C)  333$\degree$ Celsius 
D)  450$\degree$ Celsius 
E)  650$\degree$ Celsius 
A)  100$\degree$ Celsius 
B)  225$\degree$ Celsius 
C)  333$\degree$ Celsius 
D)  450$\degree$ Celsius 
E)  650$\degree$ Celsius

Question 16

______ igneous rocks, like gabbro and basalt, are silica-deficient with high magnesium and iron.

Accepted Answer

A)  Felsic/silicic 
B)  Intermediate 
C)  Mafic 
D)  Intrusive 
E)  Extrusive 
A)  Felsic/silicic 
B)  Intermediate 
C)  Mafic 
D)  Intrusive 
E)  Extrusive

Question 17

Rhyolite is considerably more common than granite.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Hawaii and __________ eruptions are related to intraplate igneous activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Japan 
B)  Cascade 
C)  Yellowstone 
D)  Honduras 
E)  California 
A)  Japan 
B)  Cascade 
C)  Yellowstone 
D)  Honduras 
E)  California

Question 19

The geothermal gradient, on average, is about _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.004$\degree$C/km 
B)  2.5$\degree$C/km 
C)  25$\degree$C/km 
D)  30$\degree$C/km 
E)  2500$\degree$C/km 
A)  0.004$\degree$C/km 
B)  2.5$\degree$C/km 
C)  25$\degree$C/km 
D)  30$\degree$C/km 
E)  2500$\degree$C/km

Question 20

Imagine two magmas that are identical in all respects (for example, same chemistry, pressure, volume) except that one magma is hotter than the other. Which magma will have the higher viscosity?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hotter magma will be more viscous. 
B)  The cooler magma will be more viscous. 
C)  The magmas will have the same viscosity. 
D)  There is not sufficient information to establish the relative viscosities of these magmas. 
E)  Temperature does not affect magma viscosity. 
A)  The hotter magma will be more viscous. 
B)  The cooler magma will be more viscous. 
C)  The magmas will have the same viscosity. 
D)  There is not sufficient information to establish the relative viscosities of these magmas. 
E)  Temperature does not affect magma viscosity.

Exam 3: Igneous Rocks, Intrusive Activity, and the Origin of Igneous Rocks

The most common minerals in a granite are the ______.

_____ rocks have coarse crystals in a fine-grained matrix.

The term mafic comes from the terms magnesium and ferric.

Igneous rocks may be either ____ if they form on or near Earth's surface, or ___ if they solidify under ground.

_____, a coarse-grained rock composed of pyroxene and olivine, is the most abundant ultramafic rock.

How is a sill different from a dike?

An ultramafic rock is composed almost entirely of quartz.

Viscosity is a property of a fluid that relates to how easily the fluid flows. A material that is viscous __.

The melting point of a mineral generally _____ with increasing pressure (or depth).

The geothermal gradient is the rate at which pressure increases with increasing depth beneath the surface.

The coarse-grained equivalent of basalt is a(n) ______.

A mineral's melting point generally increases with increasing pressure.

A _______ is a tabular (thin but large area) intrusive body that is concordant (parallel to the host rock structure).

________ lava is largely restricted to narrow zones along convergent plate boundaries.

Under ideal conditions rock can melt and yield a granite composition at temperatures as low as ___.

______ igneous rocks, like gabbro and basalt, are silica-deficient with high magnesium and iron.

Rhyolite is considerably more common than granite.

Hawaii and __________ eruptions are related to intraplate igneous activity.

The geothermal gradient, on average, is about _____.

Imagine two magmas that are identical in all respects (for example, same chemistry, pressure, volume) except that one magma is hotter than the other. Which magma will have the higher viscosity?

Introducing Geology, the Essentials of Plate Tectonics, and Other Important Concepts

Atoms, Elements, and Minerals

Volcanism and Extrusive Rocks

Weathering and Soil

Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism, Metamorphic Rocks, and Hydrothermal Rocks

Time and Geology

Mass Wasting

Streams and Floods

Ground Water

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Wind Action

Waves, Beaches, and Coasts

Geologic Structures

Earthquakes

Earths Interior and Geophysical Properties

The Sea Floor

Plate Tectonics

Mountain Belts and the Continental Crust

Climate Change

Resources

The Earths Companions

Filters

Igneous rocks may be either __ if they form on or near Earth's surface, or _ if they solidify under ground.