Exam 7: Cognition and Mental Abilities

After problem interpretation, the next step in problem solving is ________.

Define framing, hindsight bias, and counterfactual thinking, and explain their respective roles in decision-making.

Ken knows that the radius of a circle is 5 feet, but he needs to calculate the diameter. The most effective solution strategy he can use involves a(n) ________.

A solution that begins at the goal and proceeds to the givens is called means-end analysis.

Ralph cannot generate an accurate list of critical differences between mice and rats, but he can still use the concepts of mice and rats in his thinking. This is because he has ________.

When you wish to understand a sentence, you must start with listening to the speech sounds that make up the words and phrases, decipher the meaning of each of the words and phrases, and eventually interpret the idea conveyed by the sentence. This is sometimes called a(n) ________.

The basic sound units of any language are called ________.

Currently, ________ refers to superior IQ combined with demonstrated or potential ability in such areas as academic aptitude and creativity.

The process of moving continuously closer to a final goal without ever digressing or going backward is ________.

Trial and error is a more effective problem-solving technique than using heuristics.

Identify and describe four tactics for improving your problem-solving abilities. Specifically list the advantages of each method.

A heuristic strategy that combines hill climbing and subgoals is ________.

Identify and briefly describe four types of creativity tests in terms of how they attempt to measure creativity. How successful have these tests been at predicting actual creative productivity in the "real world?"

________ percent of the population has IQ scores between 70 and 130.

Compare and contrast Spearman's and Thurstone's models of intelligence, including the components of each model.

Explain what the "Flynn Effect" is and why researchers believe it is occurring.

Counterfactual thinking refers to the tendency to view outcomes as inevitable and predictable after we know the outcome, and to believe that we could have predicted what happened.

People with high IQ's tend to enter high-status occupations.

An admissions director for a college decides to keep the existing admissions policy since 80% of the students admitted eventually graduate. Unknown to her, 90 percent of the rejected applicants would also have been successful graduates. Her decision- making process is hampered by ________.

A special kind of problem solving in which we already know all the possible solutions or choices is ________.