Question 1

Robert Zajonc argued that the mere presence of others tends to impair performance on difficult or novel tasks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Jessica is in a position of power that does not derive from her physical strength or natural ability to dominate others, but from the fact that she has been hired as an executive at a corporation.We would refer to the power that Jessica's institutionalized role gives her as

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulation. 
B)  authority. 
C)  dominance. 
D)  status. 
A)  manipulation. 
B)  authority. 
C)  dominance. 
D)  status.

Question 3

Recalling the research discussed in the textbook, indicate which of the following scenarios illustrates how many Japanese corporations make decisions.

Accepted Answer

A)  In a group setting, colleagues debate each other on the relevant issues.Immediately thereafter, they discuss the issues openly until a consensus is reached.Finally, the company manager tells the group what decision has been made. 
B)  In a group setting, the company manager gives a speech on the relevant issues.Then, the manager asks the rest of his or her colleagues to discuss the issues openly.Finally, the manager tells the group what decision has been made. 
C)  Before the employees meet as a group, the company manager meets individually with his or her colleagues to discuss the relevant issues.A consensus is reached.Then, in a group setting, the manager tells the group what decision has been made. 
D)  The company manager makes a decision.Then, in a group setting, the manager tells the group what decision has been made. 
A)  In a group setting, colleagues debate each other on the relevant issues.Immediately thereafter, they discuss the issues openly until a consensus is reached.Finally, the company manager tells the group what decision has been made. 
B)  In a group setting, the company manager gives a speech on the relevant issues.Then, the manager asks the rest of his or her colleagues to discuss the issues openly.Finally, the manager tells the group what decision has been made. 
C)  Before the employees meet as a group, the company manager meets individually with his or her colleagues to discuss the relevant issues.A consensus is reached.Then, in a group setting, the manager tells the group what decision has been made. 
D)  The company manager makes a decision.Then, in a group setting, the manager tells the group what decision has been made.

Question 4

Jason Hill is getting ready to give the first lecture of his teaching career.He studies his notes for hours.Before class, he combs his hair for fifteen minutes and brushes his teeth three times.Jason is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  distraction conflict. 
B)  deindividuation. 
C)  evaluation apprehension. 
D)  groupthink. 
A)  distraction conflict. 
B)  deindividuation. 
C)  evaluation apprehension. 
D)  groupthink.

Question 5

____________ is to deindividuation as ____________ is to self-awareness.

Accepted Answer

A)  Wearing a mask; seeing oneself in a mirror 
B)  Playing a game; solving a problem 
C)  Inhibition; self-control 
D)  Being photographed; wearing a name tag 
A)  Wearing a mask; seeing oneself in a mirror 
B)  Playing a game; solving a problem 
C)  Inhibition; self-control 
D)  Being photographed; wearing a name tag

Question 6

In his classic test of social facilitation, Zajonc showed that cockroaches ran more slowly through a simple maze when they were alone than when an audience of other cockroaches looked on.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Raymond has been focused on acquiring and increasing power since he was young.As discussed in the textbook, this would mean that Raymond desires

Accepted Answer

A)  higher status in relation to that of others. 
B)  the ability to control his own outcomes and those of others. 
C)  an institutionalized role. 
D)  behavior that produces dominance. 
A)  higher status in relation to that of others. 
B)  the ability to control his own outcomes and those of others. 
C)  an institutionalized role. 
D)  behavior that produces dominance.

Question 8

Tom finds solving math problems easy.According to the research reviewed in the textbook, when Tom solves math problems in the presence of others (as opposed to alone),

Accepted Answer

A)  his self-esteem increases. 
B)  his inhibitions decrease. 
C)  his performance improves. 
D)  his fear of evaluation decreases. 
A)  his self-esteem increases. 
B)  his inhibitions decrease. 
C)  his performance improves. 
D)  his fear of evaluation decreases.

Question 9

Imagine that your favorite team has just won the Super Bowl.According to research, which of the following psychological conditions have to be met to turn the revelers into a destructive mob?

Accepted Answer

A)  anonymity 
B)  arousal 
C)  sensory deprivation 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
A)  anonymity 
B)  arousal 
C)  sensory deprivation 
D)  Both a and b are correct.

Question 10

Matt ran for student body president at Arlen High School.He won the election, which thrust him into a position of great power and prestige.Research on power suggests that after becoming president, Matt should be

Accepted Answer

A)  more likely to touch or stand close to other students. 
B)  less likely to flirt. 
C)  more accurate at judging how other people are feeling. 
D)  less rude. 
A)  more likely to touch or stand close to other students. 
B)  less likely to flirt. 
C)  more accurate at judging how other people are feeling. 
D)  less rude.

Question 11

Recall that Zajonc placed cockroaches in either a complex maze or a simple maze.He created three other conditions as well.Any given cockroach was induced to navigate the maze (a)entirely alone; (b)in the presence of an "audience" of cockroaches; or (c)simultaneously with another cockroach (but without an audience).The audience condition (b)permitted Zajonc to demonstrate whether

Accepted Answer

A)  audiences pay attention to competitors. 
B)  the mere presence of others can facilitate or hinder performance. 
C)  complex tasks are performed less well than simple tasks. 
D)  competitive situations are preferred over solitary situations. 
A)  audiences pay attention to competitors. 
B)  the mere presence of others can facilitate or hinder performance. 
C)  complex tasks are performed less well than simple tasks. 
D)  competitive situations are preferred over solitary situations.

Question 12

According to research on group polarization, people who make decisions in groups tend to make ____________ decisions than people who make decisions on their own.

Accepted Answer

A)  more extreme 
B)  riskier 
C)  more conservative 
D)  less accurate 
A)  more extreme 
B)  riskier 
C)  more conservative 
D)  less accurate

Question 13

Dustin is working alone, whereas Darrin is working in a group.Because he is working alone, Dustin is more likely than Darrin to experience social loafing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is MOST likely experiencing high self-awareness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Joe, who remembers important events from his life, helping him develop a more accurate sense of who he is 
B)  Bree, who focuses her attention inward on herself, becoming concerned about how her current behavior conforms to her values 
C)  Antonio, who thinks about why he has certain values, then comes to believe more strongly in these values 
D)  Stephanie, who undergoes psychotherapy and becomes less likely to suffer from deindividuation 
A)  Joe, who remembers important events from his life, helping him develop a more accurate sense of who he is 
B)  Bree, who focuses her attention inward on herself, becoming concerned about how her current behavior conforms to her values 
C)  Antonio, who thinks about why he has certain values, then comes to believe more strongly in these values 
D)  Stephanie, who undergoes psychotherapy and becomes less likely to suffer from deindividuation

Question 15

Samantha is experiencing the spotlight effect.This means that she

Accepted Answer

A)  wants more attention than she typically receives from others. 
B)  perceives herself in an unrealistically favorable light. 
C)  overestimates the degree to which her appearance and behavior are noticed by others. 
D)  remembers social experiences better than solitary experiences. 
A)  wants more attention than she typically receives from others. 
B)  perceives herself in an unrealistically favorable light. 
C)  overestimates the degree to which her appearance and behavior are noticed by others. 
D)  remembers social experiences better than solitary experiences.

Question 16

Research shows that people occasionally engage in a disturbing behavior called ____________.It is ____________ likely to occur when many individuals are present (as opposed to none or just a few).

Accepted Answer

A)  suicide baiting; more 
B)  suicide baiting; less 
C)  risk valuation; more 
D)  risk valuation; less 
A)  suicide baiting; more 
B)  suicide baiting; less 
C)  risk valuation; more 
D)  risk valuation; less

Question 17

Rachel knows that sometimes the presence of others improves performance and other times it hinders performance.Which of the following is NOT advice she should give people regarding the impact of others on performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mere presence of others tends to make people aroused. 
B)  Arousal makes a person more likely to have a dominant response. 
C)  A dominant response is always correct. 
D)  A dominant response can be correct or incorrect, depending on the situation. 
A)  The mere presence of others tends to make people aroused. 
B)  Arousal makes a person more likely to have a dominant response. 
C)  A dominant response is always correct. 
D)  A dominant response can be correct or incorrect, depending on the situation.

Question 18

As discussed in the textbook, early studies showed that decisions made in groups were riskier than decisions made on one's own.Additional studies were conducted to learn whether this finding would generalize across many different situations.This later research showed that group decisions are not always riskier than individual decisions.Rather, group decisions tend to be more extreme than individual decisions.This phenomenon is captured by the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  risky shift. 
B)  group polarization. 
C)  social inoculation. 
D)  groupthink. 
A)  risky shift. 
B)  group polarization. 
C)  social inoculation. 
D)  groupthink.

Question 19

Courtney's sorority is experiencing groupthink.The symptoms of groupthink include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  The members of Courtney's group feel vulnerable to outside criticism. 
B)  The members of Courtney's group consider few alternative viewpoints. 
C)  The members of Courtney's group ignore relevant facts. 
D)  The members of Courtney's group believe in the group's moral superiority. 
A)  The members of Courtney's group feel vulnerable to outside criticism. 
B)  The members of Courtney's group consider few alternative viewpoints. 
C)  The members of Courtney's group ignore relevant facts. 
D)  The members of Courtney's group believe in the group's moral superiority.

Question 20

Recall one of the clearest demonstrations of the spotlight effect.In this study, participants who arrived individually were asked to put on a T-shirt printed with an image that they found embarrassing.Then, these participants were asked to enter another room where a group of other participants sat.After just a few moments, the T-shirt wearer left the room.What were the results of this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  T-shirt wearers who reported extremely high levels of embarrassment were remembered better than wearers who reported extremely low levels of embarrassment. 
B)  T-shirt wearers who reported extremely low levels of embarrassment were remembered better than wearers who reported extremely high levels of embarrassment. 
C)  T-shirt wearers estimated that about one-half of the group would be able to identify the person pictured on the T-shirt when asked later on by the experimenter.But only about one-quarter of the group members actually made a correct identification. 
D)  T-shirt wearers estimated that about one-quarter of the group would be able to identify the person pictured on the T-shirt when asked later on by the experimenter.But about one-half of the group made a correct identification. 
A)  T-shirt wearers who reported extremely high levels of embarrassment were remembered better than wearers who reported extremely low levels of embarrassment. 
B)  T-shirt wearers who reported extremely low levels of embarrassment were remembered better than wearers who reported extremely high levels of embarrassment. 
C)  T-shirt wearers estimated that about one-half of the group would be able to identify the person pictured on the T-shirt when asked later on by the experimenter.But only about one-quarter of the group members actually made a correct identification. 
D)  T-shirt wearers estimated that about one-quarter of the group would be able to identify the person pictured on the T-shirt when asked later on by the experimenter.But about one-half of the group made a correct identification.

Robert Zajonc argued that the mere presence of others tends to impair performance on difficult or novel tasks.

Jessica is in a position of power that does not derive from her physical strength or natural ability to dominate others, but from the fact that she has been hired as an executive at a corporation.We would refer to the power that Jessica's institutionalized role gives her as

Recalling the research discussed in the textbook, indicate which of the following scenarios illustrates how many Japanese corporations make decisions.

Jason Hill is getting ready to give the first lecture of his teaching career.He studies his notes for hours.Before class, he combs his hair for fifteen minutes and brushes his teeth three times.Jason is experiencing

is to deindividuation as is to self-awareness.

In his classic test of social facilitation, Zajonc showed that cockroaches ran more slowly through a simple maze when they were alone than when an audience of other cockroaches looked on.

Raymond has been focused on acquiring and increasing power since he was young.As discussed in the textbook, this would mean that Raymond desires

Tom finds solving math problems easy.According to the research reviewed in the textbook, when Tom solves math problems in the presence of others (as opposed to alone),

Imagine that your favorite team has just won the Super Bowl.According to research, which of the following psychological conditions have to be met to turn the revelers into a destructive mob?

Matt ran for student body president at Arlen High School.He won the election, which thrust him into a position of great power and prestige.Research on power suggests that after becoming president, Matt should be

According to research on group polarization, people who make decisions in groups tend to make ____________ decisions than people who make decisions on their own.

Dustin is working alone, whereas Darrin is working in a group.Because he is working alone, Dustin is more likely than Darrin to experience social loafing.

Which of the following is MOST likely experiencing high self-awareness?

Samantha is experiencing the spotlight effect.This means that she

Research shows that people occasionally engage in a disturbing behavior called .It is likely to occur when many individuals are present (as opposed to none or just a few).

Rachel knows that sometimes the presence of others improves performance and other times it hinders performance.Which of the following is NOT advice she should give people regarding the impact of others on performance?

Courtney's sorority is experiencing groupthink.The symptoms of groupthink include all of the following EXCEPT

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Cognition: Thinking About People and Situations

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Persuasion

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and Personal Finance

Social Psychology and Education

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 12: Groups

Robert Zajonc argued that the mere presence of others tends to impair performance on difficult or novel tasks.

Jessica is in a position of power that does not derive from her physical strength or natural ability to dominate others, but from the fact that she has been hired as an executive at a corporation.We would refer to the power that Jessica's institutionalized role gives her as

Recalling the research discussed in the textbook, indicate which of the following scenarios illustrates how many Japanese corporations make decisions.

Jason Hill is getting ready to give the first lecture of his teaching career.He studies his notes for hours.Before class, he combs his hair for fifteen minutes and brushes his teeth three times.Jason is experiencing

____________ is to deindividuation as ____________ is to self-awareness.

In his classic test of social facilitation, Zajonc showed that cockroaches ran more slowly through a simple maze when they were alone than when an audience of other cockroaches looked on.

Raymond has been focused on acquiring and increasing power since he was young.As discussed in the textbook, this would mean that Raymond desires

Tom finds solving math problems easy.According to the research reviewed in the textbook, when Tom solves math problems in the presence of others (as opposed to alone),

Imagine that your favorite team has just won the Super Bowl.According to research, which of the following psychological conditions have to be met to turn the revelers into a destructive mob?

Matt ran for student body president at Arlen High School.He won the election, which thrust him into a position of great power and prestige.Research on power suggests that after becoming president, Matt should be

According to research on group polarization, people who make decisions in groups tend to make ____________ decisions than people who make decisions on their own.

Dustin is working alone, whereas Darrin is working in a group.Because he is working alone, Dustin is more likely than Darrin to experience social loafing.

Which of the following is MOST likely experiencing high self-awareness?

Samantha is experiencing the spotlight effect.This means that she

Research shows that people occasionally engage in a disturbing behavior called ____________.It is ____________ likely to occur when many individuals are present (as opposed to none or just a few).

Rachel knows that sometimes the presence of others improves performance and other times it hinders performance.Which of the following is NOT advice she should give people regarding the impact of others on performance?

Courtney's sorority is experiencing groupthink.The symptoms of groupthink include all of the following EXCEPT

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Cognition: Thinking About People and Situations

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Persuasion

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and Personal Finance

Social Psychology and Education

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

is to deindividuation as is to self-awareness.

Research shows that people occasionally engage in a disturbing behavior called .It is likely to occur when many individuals are present (as opposed to none or just a few).