Question 1

Describe the ways to prevent groupthink.

Accepted Answer

Groupthink can be prevented by implementing several strategies. First, leaders should encourage open and diverse discussions within the group, allowing for different perspectives and opinions to be heard. This can be achieved by promoting a culture of constructive criticism and welcoming dissenting viewpoints.

Second, it is important to assign a devil's advocate role within the group to challenge the prevailing opinions and assumptions. This can help to uncover potential flaws in the decision-making process and prevent the group from blindly following a single course of action.

Third, leaders should promote individual critical thinking and decision-making skills among group members. This can be achieved through training and development programs that focus on enhancing cognitive diversity and independent thinking.

Additionally, it is important to create a supportive environment where group members feel comfortable expressing their concerns and doubts without fear of retribution or ostracism. This can be achieved by fostering a culture of psychological safety within the group.

Finally, leaders should consider seeking input from external sources or experts to provide an outside perspective and challenge the group's thinking. This can help to mitigate the effects of groupthink and ensure that decisions are well-informed and thoroughly evaluated. By implementing these strategies, groups can effectively prevent groupthink and make more rational and effective decisions.

Question 2

A review of studies on deindividuation showed that physical anonymity makes one _______ to cues presented in a situation, whether negative or positive.

Accepted Answer

A)  more responsive 
B)  less responsive 
C)  unresponsive 
D)  ambivalent 
A)  more responsive 
B)  less responsive 
C)  unresponsive 
D)  ambivalent A

Question 3

Myers and Bishop (1970) organized groups of prejudiced and unprejudiced high school students and asked them to respond to issues involving racial attitudes, both before and after group discussion. Results showed that after within-group discussion, _______
Became _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  all students; more prejudiced 
B)  all students; less prejudiced 
C)  between-group differences; smaller 
D)  between-group differences; greater 
A)  all students; more prejudiced 
B)  all students; less prejudiced 
C)  between-group differences; smaller 
D)  between-group differences; greater D

Question 4

In the context of informational influences on group polarization, _______ in discussion produces more attitude change than does _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  arguing; agreeing 
B)  agreeing; arguing 
C)  active participation; passive listening 
D)  passive listening; active participation 
A)  arguing; agreeing 
B)  agreeing; arguing 
C)  active participation; passive listening 
D)  passive listening; active participation

Question 5

Sanders, Baron, and Moore (1978) explained social facilitation by noting that a conflict occurs between paying attention to others and paying attention to the task at hand. They named this explanation

Accepted Answer

A)  social loafing. 
B)  social distortion. 
C)  driven by distraction. 
D)  deindividuation. 
A)  social loafing. 
B)  social distortion. 
C)  driven by distraction. 
D)  deindividuation.

Question 6

Groupthink symptoms can be viewed as a form of dissonance reduction as group members

Accepted Answer

A)  try to maintain their positive group feelings. 
B)  try to persuade other group members of their opinions. 
C)  underestimate their group's might. 
D)  discuss their group's vulnerability. 
A)  try to maintain their positive group feelings. 
B)  try to persuade other group members of their opinions. 
C)  underestimate their group's might. 
D)  discuss their group's vulnerability.

Question 7

In the context of social facilitation, social arousal facilitates

Accepted Answer

A)  sleeper effects. 
B)  experimental biases. 
C)  dominant responses. 
D)  gender stereotypes. 
A)  sleeper effects. 
B)  experimental biases. 
C)  dominant responses. 
D)  gender stereotypes.

Question 8

Social loafing can be minimized if

Accepted Answer

A)  rewards for work are divided equally. 
B)  people are left unobserved. 
C)  performance of individuals are identifiable. 
D)  people are held accountable for their efforts as a group than as individuals. 
A)  rewards for work are divided equally. 
B)  people are left unobserved. 
C)  performance of individuals are identifiable. 
D)  people are held accountable for their efforts as a group than as individuals.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of social loafing across various cultures?

Accepted Answer

A)  In all cultures, women exhibit more social loafing than men do. 
B)  People in Asia exhibit less social loafing than do people in the United States. 
C)  There is no significant difference in the social loafing behaviors of people in the United States and people in Asia. 
D)  People in Asia exhibit more social loafing than do people in the United States. 
A)  In all cultures, women exhibit more social loafing than men do. 
B)  People in Asia exhibit less social loafing than do people in the United States. 
C)  There is no significant difference in the social loafing behaviors of people in the United States and people in Asia. 
D)  People in Asia exhibit more social loafing than do people in the United States.

Question 10

All of these issues contribute to deindividuation EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  group size. 
B)  physical anonymity. 
C)  arousing activities. 
D)  individual values. 
A)  group size. 
B)  physical anonymity. 
C)  arousing activities. 
D)  individual values.

Question 11

Students who join extracurricular groups on campus tend to find their attitudes regarding the groups' purpose increase if they stay in the group. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation. 
B)  groupthink. 
C)  minority influence. 
D)  group polarization. 
A)  social facilitation. 
B)  groupthink. 
C)  minority influence. 
D)  group polarization.

Question 12

The increased number of office buildings with large open spaces rather than private offices is an example of how social facilitation research has

Accepted Answer

A)  helped confirm the theory. 
B)  guided new exploration of research topics. 
C)  suggested practical applications. 
D)  been misused by industries. 
A)  helped confirm the theory. 
B)  guided new exploration of research topics. 
C)  suggested practical applications. 
D)  been misused by industries.

Question 13

Teresa has joined the campus Amnesty International Group, and after attending a few of the meetings now feels even more passionate about human rights. Social psychologists would explain the change in Teresa's opinions using

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation. 
B)  groupthink. 
C)  minority influence. 
D)  group polarization. 
A)  social facilitation. 
B)  groupthink. 
C)  minority influence. 
D)  group polarization.

Question 14

In the context of minority influence, _____ and _____ convey self-confidence.

Accepted Answer

A)  consistency; dominance 
B)  persistence, consistency 
C)  compliance; acceptance 
D)  genuiness; persistence 
A)  consistency; dominance 
B)  persistence, consistency 
C)  compliance; acceptance 
D)  genuiness; persistence

Question 15

Whenever your friend Ted surfs online, he writes terribly harsh letters to strangers using a bogus email address. Ted's behavior can likely be attributed to the role of _______ in deindividuation.

Accepted Answer

A)  group size 
B) anonymity 
C)  arousing activities 
D)  self-esteem 
A)  group size 
B) anonymity 
C)  arousing activities 
D)  self-esteem

Question 16

Explain the role of evaluation apprehension in both social facilitation and social loafing.

Accepted Answer

Evaluation apprehension refers to the fe

Question 17

Triplett (1898) conducted one of social psychology's first laboratory experiments by asking children to wind string on a fishing reel. The results of the study indicated that there was a positive relationship between the speed at which the children wound the reel and the presence of other children. Later studies found the same pattern and dubbed it

Accepted Answer

A)  the groupthink effect. 
B)  the social facilitation effect. 
C)  social loafing. 
D)  deindividuation. 
A)  the groupthink effect. 
B)  the social facilitation effect. 
C)  social loafing. 
D)  deindividuation.

Question 18

Which of the following is a comment you are LEAST likely to hear being made within a group characterized by groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Our critics are not very smart." 
B)  "Our past decisions have always been right." 
C)  "Let's weigh all the alternatives carefully before we proceed." 
D)  "It seems to me we are all in agreement on this, so let's proceed." 
A)  "Our critics are not very smart." 
B)  "Our past decisions have always been right." 
C)  "Let's weigh all the alternatives carefully before we proceed." 
D)  "It seems to me we are all in agreement on this, so let's proceed."

Question 19

People in _______ cultures exhibit less social loafing than people in _______ cultures.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent; narcissistic 
B)  narcissistic; independent 
C)  collectivistic; individualistic 
D)  individualistic; collectivistic 
A)  independent; narcissistic 
B)  narcissistic; independent 
C)  collectivistic; individualistic 
D)  individualistic; collectivistic

Question 20

People are more likely to exhibit social loafing if

Accepted Answer

A)  they find the task to be challenging. 
B)  rewards are divided according to individual effort. 
C)  rewards are divided equally regardless of individual effort. 
D)  they are individually monitored. 
A)  they find the task to be challenging. 
B)  rewards are divided according to individual effort. 
C)  rewards are divided equally regardless of individual effort. 
D)  they are individually monitored.

Describe the ways to prevent groupthink.

A review of studies on deindividuation showed that physical anonymity makes one _______ to cues presented in a situation, whether negative or positive.

Myers and Bishop (1970) organized groups of prejudiced and unprejudiced high school students and asked them to respond to issues involving racial attitudes, both before and after group discussion. Results showed that after within-group discussion, _ Became _.

In the context of informational influences on group polarization, _ in discussion produces more attitude change than does _.

Sanders, Baron, and Moore (1978) explained social facilitation by noting that a conflict occurs between paying attention to others and paying attention to the task at hand. They named this explanation

Groupthink symptoms can be viewed as a form of dissonance reduction as group members

In the context of social facilitation, social arousal facilitates

Social loafing can be minimized if

Which of the following statements is true of social loafing across various cultures?

All of these issues contribute to deindividuation EXCEPT

Students who join extracurricular groups on campus tend to find their attitudes regarding the groups' purpose increase if they stay in the group. This is an example of

The increased number of office buildings with large open spaces rather than private offices is an example of how social facilitation research has

Teresa has joined the campus Amnesty International Group, and after attending a few of the meetings now feels even more passionate about human rights. Social psychologists would explain the change in Teresa's opinions using

In the context of minority influence, _ and _ convey self-confidence.

Whenever your friend Ted surfs online, he writes terribly harsh letters to strangers using a bogus email address. Ted's behavior can likely be attributed to the role of _______ in deindividuation.

Explain the role of evaluation apprehension in both social facilitation and social loafing.

Which of the following is a comment you are LEAST likely to hear being made within a group characterized by groupthink?

People in _ cultures exhibit less social loafing than people in _ cultures.

People are more likely to exhibit social loafing if

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Exam 8: Memory

Describe the ways to prevent groupthink.

A review of studies on deindividuation showed that physical anonymity makes one _______ to cues presented in a situation, whether negative or positive.

Myers and Bishop (1970) organized groups of prejudiced and unprejudiced high school students and asked them to respond to issues involving racial attitudes, both before and after group discussion. Results showed that after within-group discussion, _______ Became _______.

In the context of informational influences on group polarization, _______ in discussion produces more attitude change than does _______.

Sanders, Baron, and Moore (1978) explained social facilitation by noting that a conflict occurs between paying attention to others and paying attention to the task at hand. They named this explanation

Groupthink symptoms can be viewed as a form of dissonance reduction as group members

In the context of social facilitation, social arousal facilitates

Social loafing can be minimized if

Which of the following statements is true of social loafing across various cultures?

All of these issues contribute to deindividuation EXCEPT

Students who join extracurricular groups on campus tend to find their attitudes regarding the groups' purpose increase if they stay in the group. This is an example of

The increased number of office buildings with large open spaces rather than private offices is an example of how social facilitation research has

Teresa has joined the campus Amnesty International Group, and after attending a few of the meetings now feels even more passionate about human rights. Social psychologists would explain the change in Teresa's opinions using

In the context of minority influence, _____ and _____ convey self-confidence.

Whenever your friend Ted surfs online, he writes terribly harsh letters to strangers using a bogus email address. Ted's behavior can likely be attributed to the role of _______ in deindividuation.

Explain the role of evaluation apprehension in both social facilitation and social loafing.

Which of the following is a comment you are LEAST likely to hear being made within a group characterized by groupthink?

People in _______ cultures exhibit less social loafing than people in _______ cultures.

People are more likely to exhibit social loafing if

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Filters

Myers and Bishop (1970) organized groups of prejudiced and unprejudiced high school students and asked them to respond to issues involving racial attitudes, both before and after group discussion. Results showed that after within-group discussion, _ Became _.

In the context of informational influences on group polarization, _ in discussion produces more attitude change than does _.

In the context of minority influence, _ and _ convey self-confidence.

People in _ cultures exhibit less social loafing than people in _ cultures.