Exam 7: External Economies of Scale and the International Location of Production

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If output is increased in the long run, average production costs in the presence of internal economies of scale will ________, and in the presence of external economies of scale, will ________.

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If the firms in a market have constant returns to scale internally while there are external economies of scale for the industry, a firm's long-run supply curve will be ________ and the long-run market supply curve will be ________.

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If two countries begin trade and both produce a product subject to internal economies of scale, then the country with the ________ rate of production will ________ production until it controls ________ of the market.

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What is meant by "a cluster of firms" and what are the three main sources of the economic advantages derived from locating in such a district?

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Patterns of interregional trade are primarily determined by ________ rather than ________ because factors of production are generally ________.

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Suppose that two countries, A and B, employ the same technology in the production of a good. External economies of scale apply in both countries. Analyze the effects of trade on long-run production levels if country A has a comparatively lower cost of production when trade begins.

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The long-run market supply curve in the presence of internal economies of scale is ________, and in the presence of external economies of scale, it is ________.

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Why is it that if an industry is operating under conditions of internal scale economies then the resultant equilibrium cannot be consistent with the pure competition model?

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The existence of internal economies of scale

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If a scale economy is the dominant technological factor defining or establishing comparative advantage, then the underlying facts explaining why a particular country dominates world markets in some product may be pure chance, or historical accident. Explain, and compare this with the answer you would give for the Heckscher-Ohlin model of comparative advantage.

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The Internet has made transactions between businesses (B2B trading) fast and easy. Any business in any location can access specialized knowledge, labor, and materials. It is likely that these virtual economic communities will result in

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In the presence of external economies of scale, trade

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When there are external economies of scale, an increase in the size of the market will

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The study of factors that influence both international and interregional trade is referred to as

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Why are increasing returns to scale and fixed costs important in models of international trade and imperfect competition?

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Restaurant meals are an example of a ________ good and clothing is an example of a ________ good. The pattern of interregional trade is determined primarily by ________.

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If output is increased in the long run, then in the presence of internal economies of scale the number of firms will ________, and in the presence of constant external returns to scale the number of firms will ________.

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