Question 1

The chemical mediators, which stimulate the production of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, cause fever, and increase T cell sensitivity, are termed

Accepted Answer

A)  interleukins. 
B)  interferons. 
C)  tumor necrosis factors. 
D)  phagocytic regulators. 
E)  colony-stimulating factors. 
A)  interleukins. 
B)  interferons. 
C)  tumor necrosis factors. 
D)  phagocytic regulators. 
E)  colony-stimulating factors.

Question 2

Choose the most accurate characteristic of Class II MHC proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  They dampen the responses of other T cells and of B cells. 
B)  They divide to produce memory cells and more active helper T cells. 
C)  They are found in the plasma membranes of all nucleated cells. 
D)  They consist of circulating proteins that assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens. 
E)  They are found in the membranes of lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. 
A)  They dampen the responses of other T cells and of B cells. 
B)  They divide to produce memory cells and more active helper T cells. 
C)  They are found in the plasma membranes of all nucleated cells. 
D)  They consist of circulating proteins that assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens. 
E)  They are found in the membranes of lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells.

Question 3

Why does the risk of cancer increase in AIDS patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Suppressor T cell activity resets the normal immune response. 
B)  Immune surveillance is depressed. 
C)  Cell-mediated immunity is enhanced. 
D)  There is an increase in the circulating antibody levels. 
E)  The virus enters human leukocytes by receptor-mediated endocytosis. 
A)  Suppressor T cell activity resets the normal immune response. 
B)  Immune surveillance is depressed. 
C)  Cell-mediated immunity is enhanced. 
D)  There is an increase in the circulating antibody levels. 
E)  The virus enters human leukocytes by receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 4

The wall structure of lymphatics and the flow of lymph through them are comparable to those of

Accepted Answer

A)  elastic arteries. 
B)  arterioles. 
C)  the vena cava. 
D)  veins. 
E)  muscular arteries. 
A)  elastic arteries. 
B)  arterioles. 
C)  the vena cava. 
D)  veins. 
E)  muscular arteries.

Question 5

What is the function of IgG antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  They play a role in the activation of B cells. 
B)  They attack pathogens before they enter the body tissues. 
C)  They are responsible for defense against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins. 
D)  They accelerate inflammation upon exposure to antigens. 
E)  They are responsible for cross reactions between incompatible blood types. 
A)  They play a role in the activation of B cells. 
B)  They attack pathogens before they enter the body tissues. 
C)  They are responsible for defense against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins. 
D)  They accelerate inflammation upon exposure to antigens. 
E)  They are responsible for cross reactions between incompatible blood types.

Question 6

The ability of certain cells to respond to chemicals in their environment is called

Accepted Answer

A)  chemotaxis. 
B)  complement. 
C)  necrosis. 
D)  phagocytosis. 
E)  regeneration. 
A)  chemotaxis. 
B)  complement. 
C)  necrosis. 
D)  phagocytosis. 
E)  regeneration.

Question 7

Figure 14-1 Typical Antibody Molecule and Typical Antigen
Use Figure 14-1 to identify the labeled part.
-What does label G represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  disulfide bond 
B)  variable segment 
C)  light chain 
D)  heavy chain 
E)  constant segments of light and heavy chains 
A)  disulfide bond 
B)  variable segment 
C)  light chain 
D)  heavy chain 
E)  constant segments of light and heavy chains

Question 8

Adaptive defenses

Accepted Answer

A)  involve immunological surveillance. 
B)  protect against particular threats. 
C)  do not distinguish between one threat and another. 
D)  are not dependent on the activities of lymphocytes. 
E)  are present at birth. 
A)  involve immunological surveillance. 
B)  protect against particular threats. 
C)  do not distinguish between one threat and another. 
D)  are not dependent on the activities of lymphocytes. 
E)  are present at birth.

Question 9

Virus-infected cells release

Accepted Answer

A)  complement. 
B)  heparin. 
C)  interferon. 
D)  pyrogens. 
E)  perforins. 
A)  complement. 
B)  heparin. 
C)  interferon. 
D)  pyrogens. 
E)  perforins.

Question 10

During the secondary response to antigens following a previous initial exposure,

Accepted Answer

A)  IgM molecules first appear in the bloodstream, followed by a slow rise in IgG. 
B)  an immediate rise in IgG concentrations occurs. 
C)  the antigen must first activate the appropriate B cells. 
D)  the antibody levels do not peak until one to two weeks after antigen exposure. 
E)  memory B cells do not differentiate into plasma cells. 
A)  IgM molecules first appear in the bloodstream, followed by a slow rise in IgG. 
B)  an immediate rise in IgG concentrations occurs. 
C)  the antigen must first activate the appropriate B cells. 
D)  the antibody levels do not peak until one to two weeks after antigen exposure. 
E)  memory B cells do not differentiate into plasma cells.

Question 11

Immunoglobulins that are the first antibody type to be produced and secreted, following initial exposure to an antigen, are the ________ antibodies.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgE 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgD 
E)  IgA 
A)  IgE 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgD 
E)  IgA

Question 12

Which of the following immune cell populations targets foreign compounds or pathogens that have been coated with antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kupffer cells 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  monocytes 
D)  microglia 
E)  eosinophils 
A)  Kupffer cells 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  monocytes 
D)  microglia 
E)  eosinophils

Question 13

The increased incidence of cancer in the elderly reflects the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  immune surveillance increases. 
B)  tumor cells are eliminated effectively. 
C)  their diets do not meet nutritional standards. 
D)  everyone is prone to disease. 
E)  immune surveillance declines with age. 
A)  immune surveillance increases. 
B)  tumor cells are eliminated effectively. 
C)  their diets do not meet nutritional standards. 
D)  everyone is prone to disease. 
E)  immune surveillance declines with age.

Question 14

Figure 14-1 Typical Antibody Molecule and Typical Antigen
Use Figure 14-1 to identify the labeled part.
-What does label H represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  complement binding site 
B)  antigen binding site 
C)  antigenic determinant sites 
D)  macrophage binding site 
E)  antibodies 
A)  complement binding site 
B)  antigen binding site 
C)  antigenic determinant sites 
D)  macrophage binding site 
E)  antibodies

Question 15

Sensitization to an allergen during the initial exposure leads to the production of large quantities of

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen-antibody complexes. 
B)  IgE antibodies. 
C)  IgD antibodies. 
D)  opsonins. 
E)  Tc cells. 
A)  antigen-antibody complexes. 
B)  IgE antibodies. 
C)  IgD antibodies. 
D)  opsonins. 
E)  Tc cells.

Question 16

A bacterial infection in the foot would most likely affect lymph nodes in which of the following regions?

Accepted Answer

A)  axillary 
B)  cervical 
C)  mammary 
D)  inguinal 
E)  brachial 
A)  axillary 
B)  cervical 
C)  mammary 
D)  inguinal 
E)  brachial

Question 17

________ function in pinocytosis, phagocytosis, antigen processing, and antigen presentation bound to Class II MHC proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  Kupffer cells 
B)  NK cells 
C)  Microglia 
D)  Macrophages 
E)  Dendritic cells 
A)  Kupffer cells 
B)  NK cells 
C)  Microglia 
D)  Macrophages 
E)  Dendritic cells

Question 18

Lymphoid nodules, such as the appendix, are composed of loose connective tissue containing densely packed

Accepted Answer

A)  Peyer patches. 
B)  basophils. 
C)  spleens. 
D)  neutrophils. 
E)  lymphocytes. 
A)  Peyer patches. 
B)  basophils. 
C)  spleens. 
D)  neutrophils. 
E)  lymphocytes.

Question 19

The ________ form the base of a typical antibody molecule.

Accepted Answer

A)  variable segments of the heavy chains 
B)  constant segments of the light chains 
C)  variable segments of the light chains 
D)  constant segments of the heavy chains 
E)  constant and variable segments of the light and heavy chains 
A)  variable segments of the heavy chains 
B)  constant segments of the light chains 
C)  variable segments of the light chains 
D)  constant segments of the heavy chains 
E)  constant and variable segments of the light and heavy chains

Question 20

A virus is injected into a rabbit and the rabbit is allowed to make antibodies against the viral antigen. These antibodies are then removed from the rabbit plasma and injected into a human to combat an infection by the same virus. This would be an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  innate immunity. 
B)  artificially induced passive immunity. 
C)  artificially induced active immunity. 
D)  naturally acquired passive immunity. 
E)  naturally acquired active immunity. 
A)  innate immunity. 
B)  artificially induced passive immunity. 
C)  artificially induced active immunity. 
D)  naturally acquired passive immunity. 
E)  naturally acquired active immunity.

The chemical mediators, which stimulate the production of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, cause fever, and increase T cell sensitivity, are termed

Choose the most accurate characteristic of Class II MHC proteins.

Why does the risk of cancer increase in AIDS patients?

The wall structure of lymphatics and the flow of lymph through them are comparable to those of

What is the function of IgG antibodies?

The ability of certain cells to respond to chemicals in their environment is called

Figure 14-1 Typical Antibody Molecule and Typical Antigen Use Figure 14-1 to identify the labeled part. -What does label G represent?

Adaptive defenses

Virus-infected cells release

During the secondary response to antigens following a previous initial exposure,

Immunoglobulins that are the first antibody type to be produced and secreted, following initial exposure to an antigen, are the ________ antibodies.

Which of the following immune cell populations targets foreign compounds or pathogens that have been coated with antibodies?

The increased incidence of cancer in the elderly reflects the fact that

Figure 14-1 Typical Antibody Molecule and Typical Antigen Use Figure 14-1 to identify the labeled part. -What does label H represent?

Sensitization to an allergen during the initial exposure leads to the production of large quantities of

A bacterial infection in the foot would most likely affect lymph nodes in which of the following regions?

________ function in pinocytosis, phagocytosis, antigen processing, and antigen presentation bound to Class II MHC proteins.

Lymphoid nodules, such as the appendix, are composed of loose connective tissue containing densely packed

The ________ form the base of a typical antibody molecule.

A virus is injected into a rabbit and the rabbit is allowed to make antibodies against the viral antigen. These antibodies are then removed from the rabbit plasma and injected into a human to combat an infection by the same virus. This would be an example of

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

Cell Structure and Function

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

The Nervous System

The General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

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Exam 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The chemical mediators, which stimulate the production of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, cause fever, and increase T cell sensitivity, are termed

Choose the most accurate characteristic of Class II MHC proteins.

Why does the risk of cancer increase in AIDS patients?

The wall structure of lymphatics and the flow of lymph through them are comparable to those of

What is the function of IgG antibodies?

The ability of certain cells to respond to chemicals in their environment is called

Figure 14-1 Typical Antibody Molecule and Typical Antigen Use Figure 14-1 to identify the labeled part. -What does label G represent?

Adaptive defenses

Virus-infected cells release

During the secondary response to antigens following a previous initial exposure,

Immunoglobulins that are the first antibody type to be produced and secreted, following initial exposure to an antigen, are the ________ antibodies.

Which of the following immune cell populations targets foreign compounds or pathogens that have been coated with antibodies?

The increased incidence of cancer in the elderly reflects the fact that

Figure 14-1 Typical Antibody Molecule and Typical Antigen Use Figure 14-1 to identify the labeled part. -What does label H represent?

Sensitization to an allergen during the initial exposure leads to the production of large quantities of

A bacterial infection in the foot would most likely affect lymph nodes in which of the following regions?

________ function in pinocytosis, phagocytosis, antigen processing, and antigen presentation bound to Class II MHC proteins.

Lymphoid nodules, such as the appendix, are composed of loose connective tissue containing densely packed

The ________ form the base of a typical antibody molecule.

A virus is injected into a rabbit and the rabbit is allowed to make antibodies against the viral antigen. These antibodies are then removed from the rabbit plasma and injected into a human to combat an infection by the same virus. This would be an example of

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

Cell Structure and Function

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

The Nervous System

The General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters