Question 1

Which of the following best describes modernization under imperialism in most colonial states?

Accepted Answer

A) incomplete transition between Western and traditional institutions 
B) complete destruction of local institutions with no new ones to take their place 
C) largely a successful implementation of governmental structures that mirrored the colonial power's government between Western and traditional institutions 
D) complete transformation to modern social institutions but with economic modernization lagging behind 
A) incomplete transition between Western and traditional institutions 
B) complete destruction of local institutions with no new ones to take their place 
C) largely a successful implementation of governmental structures that mirrored the colonial power's government between Western and traditional institutions 
D) complete transformation to modern social institutions but with economic modernization lagging behind A

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the African National Congress (ANC)party in South Africa is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) The party has become increasingly popular among the black majority. 
B) The ANC's free-market orientation has led to a bitter political break with the trade unions. 
C) The ANC adopted radical policies of redistribution of wealth when the party took power in 1994. 
D) The ANC's affirmative action programs have been deemed largely successful. 
A) The party has become increasingly popular among the black majority. 
B) The ANC's free-market orientation has led to a bitter political break with the trade unions. 
C) The ANC adopted radical policies of redistribution of wealth when the party took power in 1994. 
D) The ANC's affirmative action programs have been deemed largely successful. B

Question 3

How did import substitution compare with export-oriented industrialization as a real-world strategy for economic development and modernization? How did the Washington Consensus propose addressing problems of both of these economic development strategies?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will describe the central components of both processes.With import substitution industrialization,states restricted imports;raised tariff and nontariff barriers to encourage demand for domestic alternatives,and subsidized certain industries to fill this demand;and relaxed patents and intellectual property rights to tap into foreign innovations.With export-oriented industrialization,states sought out technologies and developed industries that focused specifically on export,capitalizing on a product's life cycle,and ways to make similar products on the international market cheaper.A good answer will also note that both of these strategies encountered problems ultimately addressed by the Washington Consensus.ISI resulted in large industries reliant on the state for support and unable to compete in a global marketplace,and state debt grew as a result of continued state funding.EOI also led to high levels of support for certain industries and tariff barriers.Although EOI was arguably a better industrialization policy than ISI,both strategies were targeted by the Washington Consensus (structural adjustment programs)-privatize state-run firms,end subsidies,reduce tariff barriers,shrink the size of the state,and welcome foreign investment.

Question 4

Describe the motivating factors that began the process of European imperialism in the 1500s.Why were European states so proficient at expanding colonial structures in the less-developed world?

Accepted Answer

A good answer should note a variety of f

Question 5

Policies that require countries to privatize state-run firms,end subsidies,reduce tariff barriers,shrink the size of the state,and welcome foreign investment are sometimes known as

Accepted Answer

A) import substitution programs. 
B) structural adjustment programs. 
C) service-sector growth programs. 
D) export industrialization programs. 
A) import substitution programs. 
B) structural adjustment programs. 
C) service-sector growth programs. 
D) export industrialization programs.

Question 6

Which of the following is a component of import substitution,an economic strategy followed by many developing countries in the post-World War II era?

Accepted Answer

A) poor enforcement of intellectual property rights 
B) banning parastatal arrangements 
C) privatizing nationalized industries 
D) ending government business subsidies 
A) poor enforcement of intellectual property rights 
B) banning parastatal arrangements 
C) privatizing nationalized industries 
D) ending government business subsidies

Question 7

Tariff and nontariff barriers are key tools most important to which economic strategy?

Accepted Answer

A) import substitution 
B) centralized developmentalism 
C) liberalism 
D) export-oriented industrialization 
A) import substitution 
B) centralized developmentalism 
C) liberalism 
D) export-oriented industrialization

Question 8

Which postcolonial region currently suffers the lowest rankings on the Human Development Index?

Accepted Answer

A) northern Latin America 
B) central Asia 
C) Africa 
D) the Middle East 
A) northern Latin America 
B) central Asia 
C) Africa 
D) the Middle East

Question 9

After World War II,many countries in Asia discarded import substitution and opted for a form of economic development known as

Accepted Answer

A) microfinance. 
B) debt-based agriculturalism. 
C) export-oriented industrialization. 
D) centralized developmentalism. 
A) microfinance. 
B) debt-based agriculturalism. 
C) export-oriented industrialization. 
D) centralized developmentalism.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals (MDG)program is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Lack of proper,comprehensive data collection has left wide disagreement over whether the program has been a success. 
B) The program and goals are prime examples of an emphasis on allowing civil society to develop organically without heavy international intervention. 
C) Compared to villages that received no aid,the Millennium Villages showed impressive progress. 
D) Unexpected opposition to international aid by the target state governments dramatically reduced program effectiveness. 
A) Lack of proper,comprehensive data collection has left wide disagreement over whether the program has been a success. 
B) The program and goals are prime examples of an emphasis on allowing civil society to develop organically without heavy international intervention. 
C) Compared to villages that received no aid,the Millennium Villages showed impressive progress. 
D) Unexpected opposition to international aid by the target state governments dramatically reduced program effectiveness.

Question 11

What is the role of civil society and political engagement in developing a more effective state?

Accepted Answer

A good answer should clearly outline wha

Question 12

A small country has applied for membership in an economic union.Before membership is granted,the ruling body of the union requires that the applicant state reduce its budget deficit to a specific percentage of GDP.This type of arrangement could be classified as

Accepted Answer

A) structural reform. 
B) conditionality. 
C) neoliberalism. 
D) export-oriented adjustment. 
A) structural reform. 
B) conditionality. 
C) neoliberalism. 
D) export-oriented adjustment.

Question 13

Which of the following might be a Washington Consensus policy recommendation to a less-developed country that would be opposed by a supporter of import substitution policy?

Accepted Answer

A) investing heavily in domestic agriculture 
B) raising tariffs to reduce foreign imports 
C) reducing state power 
D) promoting private domestic industry 
A) investing heavily in domestic agriculture 
B) raising tariffs to reduce foreign imports 
C) reducing state power 
D) promoting private domestic industry

Question 14

Why have less-developed countries had such difficulty in building effective states? What particular roles do ethnic and national identities contribute to this difficulty?

Accepted Answer

A good answer should note that scholars

Question 15

South Korea is among the Asian countries that pursued an export-oriented strategy known as

Accepted Answer

A) import substitution. 
B) the industrial curve. 
C) product peripheralism. 
D) the product life cycle. 
A) import substitution. 
B) the industrial curve. 
C) product peripheralism. 
D) the product life cycle.

Question 16

The borders of most current African states were drawn by colonial powers according to

Accepted Answer

A) longitude and latitude. 
B) the locations of natural resources. 
C) ethnic divisions. 
D) population groups. 
A) longitude and latitude. 
B) the locations of natural resources. 
C) ethnic divisions. 
D) population groups.

Question 17

In comparing the development of postcolonial countries,which of the following pairs of factors have shown strong correlation with each other?

Accepted Answer

A) political stability and multiculturalism 
B) abundant natural resources and weak economic development 
C) deep ethnic divisions and strong economic growth 
D) presidential systems and robust economic growth 
A) political stability and multiculturalism 
B) abundant natural resources and weak economic development 
C) deep ethnic divisions and strong economic growth 
D) presidential systems and robust economic growth

Question 18

The untaxed,unregulated,and unprotected sector of the economy is known as the economy.

Accepted Answer

A) unrestricted 
B) informal 
C) private 
D) devolved 
A) unrestricted 
B) informal 
C) private 
D) devolved

Question 19

Countries that are experiencing weak economic and political development are known as countries.

Accepted Answer

A) newly developing 
B) newly industrializing 
C) peripheral 
D) lower income 
A) newly developing 
B) newly industrializing 
C) peripheral 
D) lower income

Question 20

Policies supported by the IMF and World Bank to increase economic liberalization in less-developed countries are often referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A) Washington Consensus. 
B) Multilateral Accord. 
C) Millennium Action Accord. 
D) United Nations Economic Compact. 
A) Washington Consensus. 
B) Multilateral Accord. 
C) Millennium Action Accord. 
D) United Nations Economic Compact.

Exam 17: Developing Countries

Which of the following best describes modernization under imperialism in most colonial states?

Which of the following statements about the African National Congress (ANC)party in South Africa is accurate?

How did import substitution compare with export-oriented industrialization as a real-world strategy for economic development and modernization? How did the Washington Consensus propose addressing problems of both of these economic development strategies?

Describe the motivating factors that began the process of European imperialism in the 1500s.Why were European states so proficient at expanding colonial structures in the less-developed world?

Policies that require countries to privatize state-run firms,end subsidies,reduce tariff barriers,shrink the size of the state,and welcome foreign investment are sometimes known as

Which of the following is a component of import substitution,an economic strategy followed by many developing countries in the post-World War II era?

Tariff and nontariff barriers are key tools most important to which economic strategy?

Which postcolonial region currently suffers the lowest rankings on the Human Development Index?

After World War II,many countries in Asia discarded import substitution and opted for a form of economic development known as

Which of the following statements about the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals (MDG)program is accurate?

What is the role of civil society and political engagement in developing a more effective state?

A small country has applied for membership in an economic union.Before membership is granted,the ruling body of the union requires that the applicant state reduce its budget deficit to a specific percentage of GDP.This type of arrangement could be classified as

Which of the following might be a Washington Consensus policy recommendation to a less-developed country that would be opposed by a supporter of import substitution policy?

Why have less-developed countries had such difficulty in building effective states? What particular roles do ethnic and national identities contribute to this difficulty?

South Korea is among the Asian countries that pursued an export-oriented strategy known as

The borders of most current African states were drawn by colonial powers according to

In comparing the development of postcolonial countries,which of the following pairs of factors have shown strong correlation with each other?

The untaxed,unregulated,and unprotected sector of the economy is known as the economy.

Countries that are experiencing weak economic and political development are known as countries.

Policies supported by the IMF and World Bank to increase economic liberalization in less-developed countries are often referred to as the

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