Question 1

Which of the following definitions applies to the term stance phase?

Accepted Answer

A)  The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is off the ground 
B)  Contact on one foot until contact with the other foot 
C)  Contact with one foot until contact with the same foot 
D)  The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is in contact with the ground 
A)  The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is off the ground 
B)  Contact on one foot until contact with the other foot 
C)  Contact with one foot until contact with the same foot 
D)  The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is in contact with the ground D

Question 2

Which of the following is correct about stride?

Accepted Answer

A)  Length ranges from 2 to 3 meters in healthy individuals 
B)  Men have longer strides than women 
C)  It is contact of one foot until contact with the other foot 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Length ranges from 2 to 3 meters in healthy individuals 
B)  Men have longer strides than women 
C)  It is contact of one foot until contact with the other foot 
D)  All of the above B

Question 3

During which phase of normal gait does the quadriceps muscle group become activated in preparation to accept weight during stance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preswing 
B)  Swing 
C)  Terminal swing 
D)  Stance 
A)  Preswing 
B)  Swing 
C)  Terminal swing 
D)  Stance C

Question 4

Which of the following abnormal gaits is characterized by excessive downward movement of the pelvis by the swing leg? It occurs as a consequence of a musculoskeletal impairment such as hip abductor weakness or a neuromuscular disease affecting the gluteus medius recruitment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lateral trunk bending 
B)  Antalgic gait 
C)  Contralateral pelvis drop 
D)  Anterior trunk lean 
A)  Lateral trunk bending 
B)  Antalgic gait 
C)  Contralateral pelvis drop 
D)  Anterior trunk lean

Question 5

At ground contact,what position is the knee in?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is flexed 
B)  It is in full extension 
C)  It is slightly extended 
D)  None of the above 
A)  It is flexed 
B)  It is in full extension 
C)  It is slightly extended 
D)  None of the above

Question 6

What determines average walking speed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cadence 
B)  Step width 
C)  Foot progression angle 
D)  Step length 
E)  A and D 
A)  Cadence 
B)  Step width 
C)  Foot progression angle 
D)  Step length 
E)  A and D

Question 7

Which of the following abnormal gaits is a compensation for weakness of the hip abductors,when patients lean toward the stance leg of the weak abductors in order to minimize the force required of the weak muscles to prevent downward movement of the pelvis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lateral trunk bending 
B)  Antalgic gait 
C)  Contralateral pelvis drop 
D)  Anterior trunk lean 
A)  Lateral trunk bending 
B)  Antalgic gait 
C)  Contralateral pelvis drop 
D)  Anterior trunk lean

Question 8

What happens to a person's center of mass (COM)during normal gait?

Accepted Answer

A)  It stays at the same point throughout normal gait 
B)  It moves up and down and side to side with normal gait 
C)  It moves up and down with normal gait 
D)  It moves side to side with normal gait 
A)  It stays at the same point throughout normal gait 
B)  It moves up and down and side to side with normal gait 
C)  It moves up and down with normal gait 
D)  It moves side to side with normal gait

Question 9

For a patient with an injured left leg using four-point crutch walking,which movement is made first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left crutch,right foot,right crutch,left foot 
B)  Right crutch,left foot,left crutch,right foot 
C)  Left foot,left crutch,right crutch,right foot 
D)  Right crutch,right foot,left crutch,left foot 
A)  Left crutch,right foot,right crutch,left foot 
B)  Right crutch,left foot,left crutch,right foot 
C)  Left foot,left crutch,right crutch,right foot 
D)  Right crutch,right foot,left crutch,left foot

Question 10

Which weight-bearing status would be used for a person who is unable to support any weight on the affected limb?

Accepted Answer

A)  Partial weight bearing 
B)  Touchdown weight bearing 
C)  Toe touch weight bearing 
D)  Non-weight bearing 
A)  Partial weight bearing 
B)  Touchdown weight bearing 
C)  Toe touch weight bearing 
D)  Non-weight bearing

Question 11

In the foot,which joint is instrumental to a stable gait?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ankle 
B)  First metatarsophalangeal joint 
C)  A and B 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Ankle 
B)  First metatarsophalangeal joint 
C)  A and B 
D)  None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following terms is described as an abnormal gait seen in the stance phase when the trunk lean is often a compensation for quadriceps weakness.It is commonly seen in poliomyelitis patients.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lateral trunk bending 
B)  Antalgic gait 
C)  Contralateral pelvis drop 
D)  Anterior trunk lean 
A)  Lateral trunk bending 
B)  Antalgic gait 
C)  Contralateral pelvis drop 
D)  Anterior trunk lean

Question 13

Which of the following definitions applies to the term stride?

Accepted Answer

A)  The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is off the ground 
B)  Contact on one foot until contact with the other foot 
C)  Contact with one foot until contact with the same foot 
D)  The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is in contact with the ground 
A)  The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is off the ground 
B)  Contact on one foot until contact with the other foot 
C)  Contact with one foot until contact with the same foot 
D)  The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is in contact with the ground

Question 14

Which of the following abnormal gaits is characterized by a person who advances the swing leg in a lateral semicircular pattern rather than in a straight plane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased knee flexion 
B)  Hip circumduction 
C)  Antalgic gait 
D)  Excessive ankle plantar flexion 
A)  Increased knee flexion 
B)  Hip circumduction 
C)  Antalgic gait 
D)  Excessive ankle plantar flexion

Question 15

Which of the following abnormal gaits is described as an indication of decreased ankle range of motion,with heel rise very shortly after contralateral toe off? It can be a compensatory mechanism for the swing leg or due to decreased leg dorsiflexion range of motion and appears as a bouncy appearance.

Accepted Answer

A)  Excessive ankle plantar flexion 
B)  Antalgic gait 
C)  Excessive ankle dorsiflexion 
D)  Increased knee flexion 
A)  Excessive ankle plantar flexion 
B)  Antalgic gait 
C)  Excessive ankle dorsiflexion 
D)  Increased knee flexion

Question 16

Which of the following statements is FALSE about abnormal gaits?

Accepted Answer

A)  They increase energy expenditure 
B)  They negatively affect functional independence 
C)  They decrease safety 
D)  They contribute to different gait abnormalities over time 
E)  None of the above 
A)  They increase energy expenditure 
B)  They negatively affect functional independence 
C)  They decrease safety 
D)  They contribute to different gait abnormalities over time 
E)  None of the above

Question 17

Which action in the ankle during normal gait occurs first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ankle dorsiflexion 
B)  Ankle plantar flexion 
C)  Ankle remains in neutral position 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Ankle dorsiflexion 
B)  Ankle plantar flexion 
C)  Ankle remains in neutral position 
D)  None of the above

Question 18

When is the gluteus maximus active during normal gait?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first 20% of the gait cycle 
B)  The first 30% of the gait cycle 
C)  For half of the gait cycle 
D)  For 80% of the gait cycle 
A)  The first 20% of the gait cycle 
B)  The first 30% of the gait cycle 
C)  For half of the gait cycle 
D)  For 80% of the gait cycle

Question 19

Which of the following abnormal gaits is characterized by a gait pattern accompanied by pain when the person leans the trunk toward (hip pain)or away (knee or ankle pain)from the side of painful lower extremity during the stance phase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lateral trunk bending 
B)  Antalgic gait 
C)  Contralateral pelvis drop 
D)  Anterior trunk lean 
A)  Lateral trunk bending 
B)  Antalgic gait 
C)  Contralateral pelvis drop 
D)  Anterior trunk lean

Question 20

What is the maximum amount of hip flexion during normal gait?

Accepted Answer

A)  10° 
B)  20° 
C)  30° 
D)  50° 
A)  10° 
B)  20° 
C)  30° 
D)  50°

Exam 14: Fundamentals of Normal and Abnormal Gait

Which of the following definitions applies to the term stance phase?

Which of the following is correct about stride?

During which phase of normal gait does the quadriceps muscle group become activated in preparation to accept weight during stance?

Which of the following abnormal gaits is characterized by excessive downward movement of the pelvis by the swing leg? It occurs as a consequence of a musculoskeletal impairment such as hip abductor weakness or a neuromuscular disease affecting the gluteus medius recruitment.

At ground contact,what position is the knee in?

What determines average walking speed?

Which of the following abnormal gaits is a compensation for weakness of the hip abductors,when patients lean toward the stance leg of the weak abductors in order to minimize the force required of the weak muscles to prevent downward movement of the pelvis?

What happens to a person's center of mass (COM)during normal gait?

For a patient with an injured left leg using four-point crutch walking,which movement is made first?

Which weight-bearing status would be used for a person who is unable to support any weight on the affected limb?

In the foot,which joint is instrumental to a stable gait?

Which of the following terms is described as an abnormal gait seen in the stance phase when the trunk lean is often a compensation for quadriceps weakness.It is commonly seen in poliomyelitis patients.

Which of the following definitions applies to the term stride?

Which of the following abnormal gaits is characterized by a person who advances the swing leg in a lateral semicircular pattern rather than in a straight plane?

Which of the following statements is FALSE about abnormal gaits?

Which action in the ankle during normal gait occurs first?

When is the gluteus maximus active during normal gait?

Which of the following abnormal gaits is characterized by a gait pattern accompanied by pain when the person leans the trunk toward (hip pain)or away (knee or ankle pain)from the side of painful lower extremity during the stance phase?

What is the maximum amount of hip flexion during normal gait?

Patient Supervision and Observation During Treatment

The Role of the Physical Therapist Assistant in Physical Assessment

Differential Diagnosis and Emergent Conditions

Muscle Flexibility and Range of Motion

Muscle Strength

Endurance

Balance and Coordination

Composition and Function of Connective Tissue

Ligament Healing

Bone Healing

Cartilage Healing

Muscle and Tendon Healing

Neurovascular Healing and Thromboembolic Disease

Concepts of Joint and Soft Tissue Mobilization

Biomechanics and Kinesiology

Orthopedic Management of the Ankle,foot,and Toes

Orthopedic Management of the Knee

Orthopedic Management of the Hip and Pelvis

Orthopedic Management of the Lumbar,thoracic,and Cervical Spine

Orthopedic Management of the Shoulder

Orthopedic Management of the Elbow

Orthopedic Management of the Wrist and Hand

Orthopedic Management of Rheumatic Disorders

Orthopedic Management of Pain and Pain Syndromes

Orthopedic Management of Orthotics and Prosthetics

Musculoskeletal-Related Dysfunctions of the Pelvic Floor

Concepts of Orthopedic Pharmacology

Musculoskeletal Imaging

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