Exam 12: The New West and the Free North

Match the term with the definition. -Term coined in 1845 by journalist John L. O'Sullivan to justify American expansion. The concept framed the American conquest of the West as part of a divine plan.

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Question 1

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Match the term with the definition. -The practice of manufacturing and then assembling interchangeable standardized parts. This practice spread quickly across American industries and allowed manufacturers to employ cheap, unskilled workers.

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Question 2

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What did the Mexican-American War reveal about nineteenth-century American politics and culture?

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Question 3

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Answer would ideally include:
Manifest Destiny: The Mexican-American War revealed the United States' sense of its cultural superiority evident in manifest destiny. When he began the war, Polk was confident that it would be a short one in which U.S. armies would defeat the Mexican army in a decisive battle or two. The war lasted longer than Polk expected, but an American soldier articulated the feeling held by many when he said, "No American force has ever thought of being defeated by any amount of Mexican troops."
Sectionalism: The war also revealed that sectionalism was once again emerging as an important political issue. The war, deemed illegitimate by some northerners, intensified their sense that slave states were using federal power to advance their own interests. The success of the war as a tool of territorial expansion seemed to fulfill the promise of manifest destiny: American territory now spanned the continent, and it would enter the industrial age with vast new resources and a two-ocean economy.

Discuss three of the many changes that took place in America between 1840 and 1860 (the antebellum years).

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Question 4

Match the term with the definition. -An organization dedicated to sending freed slaves and other black Americans to Liberia in West Africa. Although some African Americans cooperated with the movement, others campaigned against segregation and discrimination.

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Question 5

Discuss the controversial issue of Texas under the presidency of John Tyler.

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Question 6

Free-labor ideology fit the experience of some Americans much more than others. In what ways did the free-labor ideal include and exclude various groups of Americans?

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Question 7

Match the term with the definition. -Tools usually powered by horses or oxen that enabled farmers to harvest twelve acres of wheat a day, compared to the two or three acres a day possible with manual harvesting methods.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 8

Match the term with the definition. -Utopian community organized by John Humphrey Noyes in New York in 1848. Noyes's opposition to private property led him to denounce marriage as the root of the problem. The community embraced sexual and economic communalism, to the dismay of its mainstream neighbors.

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Question 9

Describe the ideology of manifest destiny and give an example of how U.S. government policies specifically reflected it.

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Question 10

Why did Germans and the Irish immigrate to the United States between 1840 and 1860? Which skills did they bring with them, and which trades or jobs did they enter on arrival?

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Question 11

Match the term with the definition. -Route to the Northwest Territory traveled by American settlers starting in the late 1830s. Disease and accidents caused many more deaths along the route than did the Indian attacks, which migrants feared.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 12

Between 1840 and 1850, the United States gained one-third more land than it had previously, achieving its expansionist goal of stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Briefly discuss three major land acquisitions made during that decade. Include important events and their final outcomes, and outline which lands were added to America.

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Question 13

Mexico opened itself up to a future loss of land beginning with the land grant to Stephen F. Austin. Describe how Mexico lost Texas, including the events leading up to the Mexican-American War of 1846-48.

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Question 14

Match the term with the definition. -1848 declaration at the first national woman's rights convention in the United States, held in New York. The document adopted the style of the Declaration of Independence and demanded equal rights for women, including the franchise.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 15

Match the term with the definition. -Mining frenzy initiated by James Marshall's discovery of gold in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada in 1848.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 16

Discuss the history of the Mormons before they went to Utah, including the discrimination they faced.

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Question 17

During the 1840s and 1850s, America experienced a profound economic transformation. Remarkable economic growth meant success for many Americans. This impressive economic performance did not reward all Americans equally, however. Discuss several of the groups who found it difficult, if not impossible, to take advantage of this new economic age.

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Question 18

What did New York journalist and armchair expansionist John L. O'Sullivan mean when he coined the term manifest destiny in 1845?

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Question 19

Railroads had a major impact on the American economy and industry. Discuss some of the changes brought about by the advent of railroads.

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Question 20

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Exam 12: The New West and the Free North

Match the term with the definition. -Term coined in 1845 by journalist John L. O'Sullivan to justify American expansion. The concept framed the American conquest of the West as part of a divine plan.

Match the term with the definition. -The practice of manufacturing and then assembling interchangeable standardized parts. This practice spread quickly across American industries and allowed manufacturers to employ cheap, unskilled workers.

What did the Mexican-American War reveal about nineteenth-century American politics and culture?

Discuss three of the many changes that took place in America between 1840 and 1860 (the antebellum years).

Match the term with the definition. -An organization dedicated to sending freed slaves and other black Americans to Liberia in West Africa. Although some African Americans cooperated with the movement, others campaigned against segregation and discrimination.

Discuss the controversial issue of Texas under the presidency of John Tyler.

Free-labor ideology fit the experience of some Americans much more than others. In what ways did the free-labor ideal include and exclude various groups of Americans?

Match the term with the definition. -Tools usually powered by horses or oxen that enabled farmers to harvest twelve acres of wheat a day, compared to the two or three acres a day possible with manual harvesting methods.

Describe the ideology of manifest destiny and give an example of how U.S. government policies specifically reflected it.

Why did Germans and the Irish immigrate to the United States between 1840 and 1860? Which skills did they bring with them, and which trades or jobs did they enter on arrival?

Match the term with the definition. -Route to the Northwest Territory traveled by American settlers starting in the late 1830s. Disease and accidents caused many more deaths along the route than did the Indian attacks, which migrants feared.

Mexico opened itself up to a future loss of land beginning with the land grant to Stephen F. Austin. Describe how Mexico lost Texas, including the events leading up to the Mexican-American War of 1846-48.

Match the term with the definition. -1848 declaration at the first national woman's rights convention in the United States, held in New York. The document adopted the style of the Declaration of Independence and demanded equal rights for women, including the franchise.

Match the term with the definition. -Mining frenzy initiated by James Marshall's discovery of gold in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada in 1848.

Discuss the history of the Mormons before they went to Utah, including the discrimination they faced.

What did New York journalist and armchair expansionist John L. O'Sullivan mean when he coined the term manifest destiny in 1845?

Railroads had a major impact on the American economy and industry. Discuss some of the changes brought about by the advent of railroads.

Ancient America Before

Europeans Encounter the New World

The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century

The Northern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century

Colonial America in the Eighteenth Century

The British Empire and the Colonial Crisis

The War for America

Building a Republic

The New Nation Takes Form

Republicans in Power

The Expanding Republic

The Slave South

The House Divided

The Crucible of War

Reconstruction

The Contested West

Railroads, Business, and Politics in the Gilded Age

The City and Its Workers

Dissent, Depression, and War

Progressivism From the Grass Roots to the White House

World War I: the Progressive Crusade at Home and Abroad

From New Era to Great Depression

The New Deal Experiment

The United States and the Second World War

Cold War Politics in the Truman Years

The Politics and Culture of Abundance

Reform, Rebellion, and Reaction

Vietnam and the End of the Cold War Consensus

America Moves to the Right

The Promises and Challenges of Globalization Since

Citizenship, Indian Removal, Equality, Women's Rights, Native American Relations, Slavery, Religion, Labor, Westward Expansion, and North-South Differences.

Historical Perspectives on American Politics and Society

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