Question 1

How and why did Reconstruction policies change over time?

Accepted Answer

The Reconstruction policies changed over

Question 2

Why did service in the Union army or navy benefit many freedmen?

Accepted Answer

A)  It offered training on how to kill former Confederates, as they believed the war would resume. 
B)  It instilled a respect for the former Confederacy that made it easier to accept discrimination. 
C)  It opened a secret supply of weapons for planned rebellions, which grew in frequency. 
D)  It provided training in leadership and awareness of opportunities in economic advancement. 
E)  It offered a quicker avenue to true racial equality within the ranks of the military. 
A)  It offered training on how to kill former Confederates, as they believed the war would resume. 
B)  It instilled a respect for the former Confederacy that made it easier to accept discrimination. 
C)  It opened a secret supply of weapons for planned rebellions, which grew in frequency. 
D)  It provided training in leadership and awareness of opportunities in economic advancement. 
E)  It offered a quicker avenue to true racial equality within the ranks of the military.

Question 3

What did the Supreme Court rule in United States v. Cruikshank (1876)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Business monopolies did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment because they were an essential component of the economy. 
B)  African Americans were not citizens because the founding fathers had not envisioned them as equals to white Americans. 
C)  The equal protection and due process requirements of the Fourteenth Amendment only applied to states, not to individuals. 
D)  Women were not included in the provisions of the Fifteenth Amendment, even though the language of the amendment had not specified either way. 
E)  The Ku Klux Klan Act was unconstitutional because it singled out a specific group of Americans in its restrictions. 
A)  Business monopolies did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment because they were an essential component of the economy. 
B)  African Americans were not citizens because the founding fathers had not envisioned them as equals to white Americans. 
C)  The equal protection and due process requirements of the Fourteenth Amendment only applied to states, not to individuals. 
D)  Women were not included in the provisions of the Fifteenth Amendment, even though the language of the amendment had not specified either way. 
E)  The Ku Klux Klan Act was unconstitutional because it singled out a specific group of Americans in its restrictions.

Question 4

What were the motivations behind Andrew Johnson's impeachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The vast majority of the Senate had long disagreed with Johnson's hiring policies and tricked him into an action that would result in his immediate removal from office. 
B)  Johnson's own political party turned on him because he had let so much legislation pass through without trying to hinder the Republicans. 
C)  Democrats were angered that Johnson had acted far too harshly toward the southern leaders and managed to use their power to secure hard evidence against him. 
D)  The planter elite blamed Johnson for his role in helping to start the Civil War in the first place and had long tried to see to it that he be punished. 
E)  Radical Republicans were upset with Johnson because of his continued obstruction of their growing efforts at Congressional Reconstruction. 
A)  The vast majority of the Senate had long disagreed with Johnson's hiring policies and tricked him into an action that would result in his immediate removal from office. 
B)  Johnson's own political party turned on him because he had let so much legislation pass through without trying to hinder the Republicans. 
C)  Democrats were angered that Johnson had acted far too harshly toward the southern leaders and managed to use their power to secure hard evidence against him. 
D)  The planter elite blamed Johnson for his role in helping to start the Civil War in the first place and had long tried to see to it that he be punished. 
E)  Radical Republicans were upset with Johnson because of his continued obstruction of their growing efforts at Congressional Reconstruction.

Question 5

Match each description with the item below.
-Pinckney Pinchback

Accepted Answer

A) was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana 
B) was a leading Radical Republican who wanted to replace southern planters with a new generation of small farmers 
C) was a leader of the women's rights movement who asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified 
D) was a Union general who was appointed to lead the Freedmen's Bureau in 1865 and helped freed slaves attain labor contracts 
E) was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate despite negative reactions from southern whites
F)was a Union general during the Civil War who was from working-class origins and went on to serve as president
G)was a wealthy corporate lawyer who became the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876 and initially appeared likely to win
H)was a newspaper editor who went on to oppose Grant in the 1872 presidential election and alienated northern voters
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)was nearly assassinated the same day as Abraham Lincoln, but his would-be assassin wound up drunk in a hotel bar 
A) was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana 
B) was a leading Radical Republican who wanted to replace southern planters with a new generation of small farmers 
C) was a leader of the women's rights movement who asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified 
D) was a Union general who was appointed to lead the Freedmen's Bureau in 1865 and helped freed slaves attain labor contracts 
E) was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate despite negative reactions from southern whites
F)was a Union general during the Civil War who was from working-class origins and went on to serve as president
G)was a wealthy corporate lawyer who became the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876 and initially appeared likely to win
H)was a newspaper editor who went on to oppose Grant in the 1872 presidential election and alienated northern voters
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)was nearly assassinated the same day as Abraham Lincoln, but his would-be assassin wound up drunk in a hotel bar

Question 6

Most scalawags were white southerners who had

Accepted Answer

A)  owned slaves. 
B)  served in the Union army. 
C)  changed their minds about race relations. 
D)  joined the Democratic party. 
E)  opposed secession. 
A)  owned slaves. 
B)  served in the Union army. 
C)  changed their minds about race relations. 
D)  joined the Democratic party. 
E)  opposed secession.

Question 7

Which of the following is true about African American involvement in the political arena during Reconstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most southern states had black majorities in their state legislatures. 
B)  Because slavery was still so prominent, black political rights were practically nonexistent. 
C)  The most common form of black political participation was voting in elections. 
D)  Most black voters registered as Democrats before 1870. 
E)  No freedmen were able to vote before the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment. 
A)  Most southern states had black majorities in their state legislatures. 
B)  Because slavery was still so prominent, black political rights were practically nonexistent. 
C)  The most common form of black political participation was voting in elections. 
D)  Most black voters registered as Democrats before 1870. 
E)  No freedmen were able to vote before the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment.

Question 8

When the votes were first counted in the 1876 presidential election,

Accepted Answer

A)  no candidate had an electoral college majority. 
B)  Hayes led Tilden in popular votes. 
C)  it was clear that a clean election had occurred. 
D)  the Democrats immediately conceded defeat. 
E)  the Supreme Court ordered a new election. 
A)  no candidate had an electoral college majority. 
B)  Hayes led Tilden in popular votes. 
C)  it was clear that a clean election had occurred. 
D)  the Democrats immediately conceded defeat. 
E)  the Supreme Court ordered a new election.

Question 9

The Freedmen's Bureau was the first federal experiment in providing assistance directly to people rather than to states.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

After emancipation, most freed slaves fled the South.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Discuss the impeachment of President Johnson. What was the basis of the charges, and how did the impeachment end?

Accepted Answer

The impeachment of President Andrew John

Question 12

Which of the following was a reason why Ulysses S. Grant was elected to the presidency?

Accepted Answer

A)  He gained the vote of white southerners because so few black southerners supported him and his political platform. 
B)  His appeal transcended party because he campaigned on ending Congressional Reconstruction in favor of state-led initiatives. 
C)  Despite little political experience, his message of enforcing laws and prosperity for all resonated with Americans who longed for peace. 
D)  Despite his prior affiliation with the Republican party, he split the Republican vote by campaigning on issues that earned him the support of Democrats. 
E)  He continued to maintain a long-term, close friendship with Johnson, who most of the public believed had been wrongfully impeached. 
A)  He gained the vote of white southerners because so few black southerners supported him and his political platform. 
B)  His appeal transcended party because he campaigned on ending Congressional Reconstruction in favor of state-led initiatives. 
C)  Despite little political experience, his message of enforcing laws and prosperity for all resonated with Americans who longed for peace. 
D)  Despite his prior affiliation with the Republican party, he split the Republican vote by campaigning on issues that earned him the support of Democrats. 
E)  He continued to maintain a long-term, close friendship with Johnson, who most of the public believed had been wrongfully impeached.

Question 13

President Johnson fully broke with Congress in 1866 when he

Accepted Answer

A)  made a drunken appearance in public. 
B)  spoke in favor of the black codes. 
C)  released Jefferson Davis from prison. 
D)  vetoed the Civil Rights Act. 
E)  addressed the Radicals in profane language. 
A)  made a drunken appearance in public. 
B)  spoke in favor of the black codes. 
C)  released Jefferson Davis from prison. 
D)  vetoed the Civil Rights Act. 
E)  addressed the Radicals in profane language.

Question 14

Describe the plans for Reconstruction offered by Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and Congress. What was the goal of each plan? How did each plan propose to accomplish its goal?

Accepted Answer

Abraham Lincoln's plan for Reconstructio

Question 15

Why did Reconstruction end in 1877? Identify the political, economic, and social factors that contributed to the end of this outcome.

Accepted Answer

Reconstruction ended in 1877 primarily d

Question 16

Reconstruction of former Confederate states only began after the war.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Radical Republicans wanted to drastically change southern society by recognizing the equality of former slaves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following was part of Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Even before the war ended, army generals would play barely any role in the governance of conquered Confederate areas as a means of regaining the Confederates' trust. 
B)  Congress, rather than the president, would supervise Reconstruction because this would help replace the white, Democratic planter elite with a generation of small farmers. 
C)  Northern state governments would oversee Reconstruction, and 10 percent of elected officials in a state had to be African Americans in order for the Union to officially recognize them as states. 
D)  The presidency would direct Reconstruction, and 10 percent of the 1860 voters had to take an oath of allegiance to the Union in order for former Confederate states to re-create a Union government. 
E)  Although almost all Confederates in general would be put on trial and, in many cases, sent to prison, the government agreed to issue pardons to senior officers of the Confederate army. 
A)  Even before the war ended, army generals would play barely any role in the governance of conquered Confederate areas as a means of regaining the Confederates' trust. 
B)  Congress, rather than the president, would supervise Reconstruction because this would help replace the white, Democratic planter elite with a generation of small farmers. 
C)  Northern state governments would oversee Reconstruction, and 10 percent of elected officials in a state had to be African Americans in order for the Union to officially recognize them as states. 
D)  The presidency would direct Reconstruction, and 10 percent of the 1860 voters had to take an oath of allegiance to the Union in order for former Confederate states to re-create a Union government. 
E)  Although almost all Confederates in general would be put on trial and, in many cases, sent to prison, the government agreed to issue pardons to senior officers of the Confederate army.

Question 19

Which of the following was a task of the Freedmen's Bureau?

Accepted Answer

A)  resettling most formerly enslaved African Americans in northern states, as emancipation was not officially legal in the South 
B)  prosecuting former Confederate leaders for war crimes as well as their efforts to perpetuate the system of slavery 
C)  providing formerly enslaved African Americans with food, clothing, and legal assistance and setting up schools 
D)  arming formerly enslaved African Americans as a means of protection amid the violence of the postwar South 
E)  protesting emancipation and fighting to limit the definition of who was legally free by taking the matter to the Supreme Court 
A)  resettling most formerly enslaved African Americans in northern states, as emancipation was not officially legal in the South 
B)  prosecuting former Confederate leaders for war crimes as well as their efforts to perpetuate the system of slavery 
C)  providing formerly enslaved African Americans with food, clothing, and legal assistance and setting up schools 
D)  arming formerly enslaved African Americans as a means of protection amid the violence of the postwar South 
E)  protesting emancipation and fighting to limit the definition of who was legally free by taking the matter to the Supreme Court

Question 20

What did Major Martin Delaney believe to be MOST important for freedmen to possess if they wanted to avoid becoming slaves again?

Accepted Answer

A)  education, so as to be qualified for the same types of jobs as white men 
B)  voting rights, so as to have the ability to elect anti-slavery leaders in the South 
C)  health, so as to have the energy necessary to combat day-to-day racial prejudice 
D)  land, so as to become economically self-reliant as farmers 
E)  civil equality, so as to open the possibility for better opportunities in the long term 
A)  education, so as to be qualified for the same types of jobs as white men 
B)  voting rights, so as to have the ability to elect anti-slavery leaders in the South 
C)  health, so as to have the energy necessary to combat day-to-day racial prejudice 
D)  land, so as to become economically self-reliant as farmers 
E)  civil equality, so as to open the possibility for better opportunities in the long term

Exam 16: The Era of Reconstruction

How and why did Reconstruction policies change over time?

Why did service in the Union army or navy benefit many freedmen?

What did the Supreme Court rule in United States v. Cruikshank (1876)?

What were the motivations behind Andrew Johnson's impeachment?

Match each description with the item below. -Pinckney Pinchback

Most scalawags were white southerners who had

Which of the following is true about African American involvement in the political arena during Reconstruction?

When the votes were first counted in the 1876 presidential election,

The Freedmen's Bureau was the first federal experiment in providing assistance directly to people rather than to states.

After emancipation, most freed slaves fled the South.

Discuss the impeachment of President Johnson. What was the basis of the charges, and how did the impeachment end?

Which of the following was a reason why Ulysses S. Grant was elected to the presidency?

President Johnson fully broke with Congress in 1866 when he

Describe the plans for Reconstruction offered by Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and Congress. What was the goal of each plan? How did each plan propose to accomplish its goal?

Why did Reconstruction end in 1877? Identify the political, economic, and social factors that contributed to the end of this outcome.

Reconstruction of former Confederate states only began after the war.

Radical Republicans wanted to drastically change southern society by recognizing the equality of former slaves.

Which of the following was part of Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

Which of the following was a task of the Freedmen's Bureau?

What did Major Martin Delaney believe to be MOST important for freedmen to possess if they wanted to avoid becoming slaves again?

The Collision of Cultures

Englands Colonies

Colonial Ways of Life

From Colonies to States

The American Revolution

Strengthening the New Nation

The Early Republic

The Emergence of a Market Economy

Nationalism and Sectionalism

The Jacksonian Era

The South

Religion

Western Expansion

The Gathering Storm

The War of the Union

Business and Labor in the Industrial Era

The New South and the New West

Political Stalemate and Rural Revolt

Seizing an American Empire

The Progressive Era

America and the Great War

A Clash of Cultures

The Reactionary Twenties

The Great Depression

The Second World War

The Cold War and the Fair Deal

Cold War America

A New Frontier and a Great Society

Rebellion and Reaction

Conservative Revival

Twenty-First Century America

Filters