Exam 1: Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context

After Philippe Pinel introduced moral therapy as a treatment in mental hospitals in France, a similar type of socially facilitative environment was first established in a US hospital by

According to Freud, neuroses are all nonpsychotic psychological disorders resulting from

Toward the end of the 14th century and continuing into the 15th century, the causes of "madness" were generally attributed to

Operant conditioning was so named because B.F. Skinner believed that

The significance of the cure for syphilis was that

In using hypnosis to treat patients with psychological disorders, Freud discovered

The idea that psychological disorders could be classified based on their symptoms, onset, time course, and cause is attributed to

In the 19th century, John P. Gray, a well-known psychiatrist in the US, believed that mental illness was due to ____________.

The Electra complex, the psychosexual conflict that occurs at the phallic stage of development in girls, is characterized by

You have just read a newspaper article about a savage rape and murder. You wonder how someone could commit such a horrible crime. Then you recall from your study of Freudian theory that according to Freud, anyone could be a killer or rapist if impulses were not well controlled.

During the Middle Ages, as well as at other times, mentally ill people were sometimes forced to undergo the religious ritual called exorcism in order to

In ancient Greece, a woman suffering from "hysteria" might be told that her condition could be cured by ________.

According to classical conditioning, learning occurs when

The causes of psychopathology are currently assumed to be

B.F. Skinner believed that behavior is best influenced by the use of .

At various times in history, in an attempt to explain problematic, irrational behavior, humans have focused on supernatural causes that include all of the following EXCEPT

Accusing your partner of being mad at you after they have aggravated you is an example of .

In the late 1800s, the emphasis on a biological cause of mental disorder resulted ironically in reduced interest in treatments for mental patients because it was thought that

A psychological dysfunction refers to

In the classic case of Anna O. in 1895, the neurologist Breuer treated her "hysterical" symptoms by using _________.