Question 1

Describe each of the components of language.

Accepted Answer

Language is made up of several components, each of which plays a crucial role in communication. These components include phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

Phonology refers to the study of the sounds used in a particular language and how they are organized. It includes the different phonemes, or distinct units of sound, and the rules for combining them to form words.

Morphology is the study of the structure of words and how they are formed. It includes the different morphemes, or units of meaning, and the rules for combining them to create words.

Syntax is the study of the structure of sentences and how words are combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences. It includes the rules for word order, sentence structure, and grammatical relationships.

Semantics is the study of meaning in language, including the meanings of words, phrases, and sentences, as well as how meaning is constructed and interpreted.

Pragmatics is the study of how language is used in context, including the social and cultural factors that influence communication, as well as the rules for using language in different situations.

Each of these components is essential for understanding and using language effectively, and they work together to enable communication and expression.

Question 2

What is linguistic nationalism? Should the United States encourage and support the use of minority languages within its borders? Alternatively,is making English the official language of the U.S.a good idea?

Accepted Answer

Linguistic nationalism is the belief that a nation's language is an essential part of its identity and should be promoted and protected. This can manifest in policies that prioritize the use of a particular language, often at the expense of minority languages.

Whether the United States should encourage and support the use of minority languages within its borders is a complex and contentious issue. On one hand, promoting and preserving minority languages can be seen as a way to celebrate and honor the diverse cultural heritage of the country. It can also help to empower and include minority communities who may feel marginalized by the dominance of English.

On the other hand, making English the official language of the U.S. has been proposed as a way to promote unity and streamline communication. Proponents argue that a common language is essential for national cohesion and efficiency, and that promoting English can help immigrants and non-native speakers integrate into society more easily.

Ultimately, the decision to encourage and support minority languages or make English the official language is a matter of balancing the benefits of linguistic diversity with the practical considerations of communication and national unity. It is important to consider the perspectives and needs of all communities within the United States when addressing this issue.

Question 3

A Scottish butler in an English mansion says to the lady of the house,"You may wish to stay inside today,Madam;it's quite cold outside." But when he goes back to his own cottage he is likely to say to his wife in broad Scots,"Shut the door and get inside,Maggie,you'll freeze your buns off." In linguistics,this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) code switching. 
B) class consciousness. 
C) glottochronology. 
D) phonological analysis. 
E) linguistic nationalism. 
A) code switching. 
B) class consciousness. 
C) glottochronology. 
D) phonological analysis. 
E) linguistic nationalism. A

Question 4

What are the long-term goals of the Chantek Project?

Accepted Answer

A) To free all primates from zoos and labs and return them to the wild 
B) For Chantek and other enculturated apes to live in culture-based preserves instead of zoos or research centers. 
C) To teach all primates how to use American Sign Language 
D) To begin teaching primates how to write 
E) To work with Chantek so that they can collect and write down original gorilla language 
A) To free all primates from zoos and labs and return them to the wild 
B) For Chantek and other enculturated apes to live in culture-based preserves instead of zoos or research centers. 
C) To teach all primates how to use American Sign Language 
D) To begin teaching primates how to write 
E) To work with Chantek so that they can collect and write down original gorilla language

Question 5

Passive bilingualism is when someone comprehends more than one language but is only able to express him/herself in one of them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Discuss anthropologists' theories regarding the origin of language.

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists have proposed several th

Question 7

The roots of linguistics,the modern scientific study of language,go back a long way to the works of ancient grammarians in__________________,more than 2,000 years ago.

Accepted Answer

A) South Asia 
B) Central Asia 
C) North Africa 
D) Australia 
E) Scandinavia 
A) South Asia 
B) Central Asia 
C) North Africa 
D) Australia 
E) Scandinavia

Question 8

Which of the following is a traditional telecommunication system?

Accepted Answer

A) Whispered speech 
B) Hummed speech 
C) Danced talk 
D) Cried speech 
E) Whistled speech 
A) Whispered speech 
B) Hummed speech 
C) Danced talk 
D) Cried speech 
E) Whistled speech

Question 9

The entire formal structure of a language consisting of all observations about its meaningful units of sounds and the rules or principles of making phrases and sentences is called its:

Accepted Answer

A) syntax. 
B) form classes. 
C) morphology. 
D) phonology. 
E) grammar. 
A) syntax. 
B) form classes. 
C) morphology. 
D) phonology. 
E) grammar.

Question 10

Give two examples of nonverbal communication.

Accepted Answer

Nonverbal communication refers to the tr

Question 11

The American anthropologist Edward Sapir and his student,Benjamin Whorf,drawing on his experience with the language of the Hopi Indians,developed a full-fledged theory now known as the theory of:

Accepted Answer

A) cultural relativity. 
B) linguistic relativity. 
C) code switching. 
D) linguistic nationalism. 
E) phenomenology. 
A) cultural relativity. 
B) linguistic relativity. 
C) code switching. 
D) linguistic nationalism. 
E) phenomenology.

Question 12

Lakota is a language that uses gendered speech.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Anthropologists predict that by the year 2100,there will only be about 100 languages in the world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Arapaho is a Native American indigenous language.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Descriptive linguistics of the analysis of a language and its component parts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Approximately how many adults worldwide cannot read or write?

Accepted Answer

A) 93 million 
B) 250 million 
C) 300 million 
D) 775 million 
E) 1 billion 
A) 93 million 
B) 250 million 
C) 300 million 
D) 775 million 
E) 1 billion

Question 17

Discuss the process of linguistic divergence.What cultural forces are behind this process?

Accepted Answer

Linguistic divergence refers to the proc

Question 18

Although language may be studied as an independent system,it is also important to look at in terms of what it tells us about society and culture.Whatever its phonemes,syntax,and history,language is a dynamic,adaptive system that facilitates the speaker's survival and gives clues about what is significant in his/her life.When we focus on the relationship between language and culture of those who speak it and how they inform each other,we are doing:

Accepted Answer

A) ethnolinguistics. 
B) descriptive linguistics. 
C) historical linguistics. 
D) glottochronology. 
E) frame substitution. 
A) ethnolinguistics. 
B) descriptive linguistics. 
C) historical linguistics. 
D) glottochronology. 
E) frame substitution.

Question 19

What is sociolinguistics? Propose two sociolinguistic projects that you think would be interesting to do on a university campus.

Accepted Answer

Sociolinguistics is the study of how lan

Question 20

A language in which the sound pitch of a spoken word is an essential part of its pronunciation and meaning is called a:

Accepted Answer

A) paralinguistic language. 
B) tonal language. 
C) linguistic subfamily. 
D) dialect. 
E) displacement. 
A) paralinguistic language. 
B) tonal language. 
C) linguistic subfamily. 
D) dialect. 
E) displacement.

Exam 15: Language and Communication

Describe each of the components of language.

What is linguistic nationalism? Should the United States encourage and support the use of minority languages within its borders? Alternatively,is making English the official language of the U.S.a good idea?

What are the long-term goals of the Chantek Project?

Passive bilingualism is when someone comprehends more than one language but is only able to express him/herself in one of them.

Discuss anthropologists' theories regarding the origin of language.

The roots of linguistics,the modern scientific study of language,go back a long way to the works of ancient grammarians in__________________,more than 2,000 years ago.

Which of the following is a traditional telecommunication system?

The entire formal structure of a language consisting of all observations about its meaningful units of sounds and the rules or principles of making phrases and sentences is called its:

Give two examples of nonverbal communication.

The American anthropologist Edward Sapir and his student,Benjamin Whorf,drawing on his experience with the language of the Hopi Indians,developed a full-fledged theory now known as the theory of:

Lakota is a language that uses gendered speech.

Anthropologists predict that by the year 2100,there will only be about 100 languages in the world.

Arapaho is a Native American indigenous language.

Descriptive linguistics of the analysis of a language and its component parts.

Approximately how many adults worldwide cannot read or write?

Discuss the process of linguistic divergence.What cultural forces are behind this process?

What is sociolinguistics? Propose two sociolinguistic projects that you think would be interesting to do on a university campus.

A language in which the sound pitch of a spoken word is an essential part of its pronunciation and meaning is called a:

The Essence of Anthropology

Biology, Genetics, and Evolution

Living Primates

Primate Behavior

Field Methods in Archaeology and Paleoanthropology

From First Primates to First Bipeds

Origins of the Genus Homo

The Global Expansion of Homo Sapiens and Their Technology

The Neolithic Revolution: the Domestication of Plants and Animals

The Emergence of Cities and States

Modern Human Diversity: Race and Racism

Human Adaptation to a Changing World

Characteristics of Culture

Ethnographic Research: Its History, Methods, and Theories

Social Identity, Personality, and Gender

Patterns of Subsistence

Economic Systems

Sex, Marriage, and Family

Kinship and Descent

Grouping by Gender, Age, Common Interest, and Social Status

Politics, Power, War, and Peace

Spirituality, Religion, and Shamanism

The Arts

Processes of Cultural Change

Global Challenges, Local Responses, and the Role of Anthropology

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