Question 1

It has been suggested that within a large enough experiment and with truly randomized assignment to experimental and control groups,a pretest is unnecessary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Typically,research on the World Wide Web involves representative samples.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The double-blind experiment is one in which:

Accepted Answer

A) the experimenters do not know which is the experimental group and which is the control group. 
B) the experimental subjects do not know that they are in the experimental group,and the control group subjects know that they are in the control group. 
C) neither the subjects in the experimental or control groups nor the experimenters know which are the experimental and control groups. 
D) the control group subjects do not know that they are in the control group,and the experimental group subjects know that they are in the experimental group. 
E) the experimental and control groups are given placebos. 
A) the experimenters do not know which is the experimental group and which is the control group. 
B) the experimental subjects do not know that they are in the experimental group,and the control group subjects know that they are in the control group. 
C) neither the subjects in the experimental or control groups nor the experimenters know which are the experimental and control groups. 
D) the control group subjects do not know that they are in the control group,and the experimental group subjects know that they are in the experimental group. 
E) the experimental and control groups are given placebos.

Question 4

Explain how a natural experiment differs from a traditional one.What are the advantages and shortcomings of using them?

Accepted Answer

Answers should focus on the fact that th

Question 5

Among the requirements for the classical experimental design is a posttest measurement of the:

Accepted Answer

A) dependent variable for both the experimental and control groups. 
B) independent variable for both the experimental and control groups. 
C) independent variable for the control group only. 
D) dependent variable for the experimental group only. 
E) independent variable for the experimental group only. 
A) dependent variable for both the experimental and control groups. 
B) independent variable for both the experimental and control groups. 
C) independent variable for the control group only. 
D) dependent variable for the experimental group only. 
E) independent variable for the experimental group only.

Question 6

Jimmy's experiment requires him to tell subjects that they will be working in pairs to solve a problem when in reality he does not care about problem-solving.Jimmy is really observing the nonverbal communication between two people who do not know each other.Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning Jimmy's research?

Accepted Answer

A) Jimmy is deceiving his subjects. 
B) Jimmy needs to determine whether deception is essential to the experiment. 
C) Jimmy must tell the subjects that he plans to observe their nonverbal communications. 
D) Jimmy is intruding on the lives of his subjects. 
E) All of these choices are TRUE. 
A) Jimmy is deceiving his subjects. 
B) Jimmy needs to determine whether deception is essential to the experiment. 
C) Jimmy must tell the subjects that he plans to observe their nonverbal communications. 
D) Jimmy is intruding on the lives of his subjects. 
E) All of these choices are TRUE.

Question 7

Without randomly assigning subjects,a researcher administers the experimental stimulus to the experimental group and then measures the dependent variable in both the experimental and control groups.This design is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) one-group pretest-posttest design. 
B) one-shot case study. 
C) static-group comparison. 
D) classical experimental design. 
E) posttest-only control group design. 
A) one-group pretest-posttest design. 
B) one-shot case study. 
C) static-group comparison. 
D) classical experimental design. 
E) posttest-only control group design.

Question 8

Because experiments focus on determining causation,they are better suited to descriptive purposes rather than explanatory purposes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A researcher administered a math test to a group of 9th graders in September.During the school year these students received an intensive program designed to improve their math skills.In May the math test was again given to these students and their math scores improved.A major problem in this research is that the researcher failed to control for:

Accepted Answer

A) history. 
B) maturation. 
C) testing. 
D) selection biases. 
E) all of these choices. 
A) history. 
B) maturation. 
C) testing. 
D) selection biases. 
E) all of these choices.

Question 10

Experiments are especially appropriate for research projects involving all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) small-group interaction. 
B) hypothesis testing. 
C) the testing of relatively limited and well-defined concepts and propositions. 
D) descriptive research. 
E) explanatory research. 
A) small-group interaction. 
B) hypothesis testing. 
C) the testing of relatively limited and well-defined concepts and propositions. 
D) descriptive research. 
E) explanatory research.

Question 11

The difference between the experimental and control group should be:

Accepted Answer

A) that the experimental group receives the dependent variable and the control group does not. 
B) that the experimental group receives the independent variable and the control group does not. 
C) that the control group receives the dependent variable and the experimental group does not. 
D) that the control group receives the independent variable and the experimental group does not. 
E) nothing since both receive the independent variable. 
A) that the experimental group receives the dependent variable and the control group does not. 
B) that the experimental group receives the independent variable and the control group does not. 
C) that the control group receives the dependent variable and the experimental group does not. 
D) that the control group receives the independent variable and the experimental group does not. 
E) nothing since both receive the independent variable.

Question 12

Assume that you have developed a study technique that you believe will result in students scoring higher on research methods exams.You test your study technique with the design diagramed below. R=random assignment O=observation X=stimulus
R O1 X O2 R O3 O4
Using the diagramed design,what predictions are correct?

Accepted Answer

A) O2 should be greater than O1 
B) The (O2-O1)change should be greater than the (O4-O3)change. 
C) O4 must equal O3 
D) All of these choices are appropriate predictions 
E) O2 should be greater than O1 and the (O2-O1)change should be greater than the (O4-O3)change 
A) O2 should be greater than O1 
B) The (O2-O1)change should be greater than the (O4-O3)change. 
C) O4 must equal O3 
D) All of these choices are appropriate predictions 
E) O2 should be greater than O1 and the (O2-O1)change should be greater than the (O4-O3)change

Question 13

An interaction between the testing situation and the experimental stimulus jeopardizes generalizability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The effectiveness of randomization in experimentation is affected by the number of subjects involved.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The double blind experiment attempts to guard against experimenter bias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Preexperimental designs:

Accepted Answer

A) are the weakest experimental designs. 
B) control for most sources of internal invalidity. 
C) control for most sources of external invalidity. 
D) are excellent for drawing causal inferences. 
E) are highly recommended by Campbell and Stanley. 
A) are the weakest experimental designs. 
B) control for most sources of internal invalidity. 
C) control for most sources of external invalidity. 
D) are excellent for drawing causal inferences. 
E) are highly recommended by Campbell and Stanley.

Question 17

Explain what is meant by internal and external invalidity.

Accepted Answer

Answers should include the idea that int

Question 18

You were asked to participate in an experiment to test the effectiveness of review sessions on exam grades.As a research methods student,you concluded that you had been assigned to the control group because you simply took the scheduled exams.Since you were in the control group you simply gave up and quit studying.This exemplifies:

Accepted Answer

A) compensation. 
B) the testing effect. 
C) demoralization. 
D) maturation. 
E) experimental mortality. 
A) compensation. 
B) the testing effect. 
C) demoralization. 
D) maturation. 
E) experimental mortality.

Question 19

The problem of external invalidity refers to the generalizability of results.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

For the most part,preexperimental designs are simplified forms of the traditional experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

It has been suggested that within a large enough experiment and with truly randomized assignment to experimental and control groups,a pretest is unnecessary.

Typically,research on the World Wide Web involves representative samples.

The double-blind experiment is one in which:

Explain how a natural experiment differs from a traditional one.What are the advantages and shortcomings of using them?

Among the requirements for the classical experimental design is a posttest measurement of the:

Without randomly assigning subjects,a researcher administers the experimental stimulus to the experimental group and then measures the dependent variable in both the experimental and control groups.This design is known as the:

Because experiments focus on determining causation,they are better suited to descriptive purposes rather than explanatory purposes.

Experiments are especially appropriate for research projects involving all of the following EXCEPT:

The difference between the experimental and control group should be:

An interaction between the testing situation and the experimental stimulus jeopardizes generalizability.

The effectiveness of randomization in experimentation is affected by the number of subjects involved.

The double blind experiment attempts to guard against experimenter bias.

Preexperimental designs:

Explain what is meant by internal and external invalidity.

The problem of external invalidity refers to the generalizability of results.

For the most part,preexperimental designs are simplified forms of the traditional experiment.

Human Inquiry and Science

Paradigms Theory and Research

The Ethics and Politics of Social Research

Research Design

Conceptualization Operationalization and Measurement

Indexes Scales and Typologies

The Logic of Sampling

Survey Research

Qualitative Field Research

Unobtrusive Research

Evaluation Research

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Exam 8: Experiments

It has been suggested that within a large enough experiment and with truly randomized assignment to experimental and control groups,a pretest is unnecessary.

Typically,research on the World Wide Web involves representative samples.

The double-blind experiment is one in which:

Explain how a natural experiment differs from a traditional one.What are the advantages and shortcomings of using them?

Among the requirements for the classical experimental design is a posttest measurement of the:

Without randomly assigning subjects,a researcher administers the experimental stimulus to the experimental group and then measures the dependent variable in both the experimental and control groups.This design is known as the:

Because experiments focus on determining causation,they are better suited to descriptive purposes rather than explanatory purposes.

Experiments are especially appropriate for research projects involving all of the following EXCEPT:

The difference between the experimental and control group should be:

An interaction between the testing situation and the experimental stimulus jeopardizes generalizability.

The effectiveness of randomization in experimentation is affected by the number of subjects involved.

The double blind experiment attempts to guard against experimenter bias.

Preexperimental designs:

Explain what is meant by internal and external invalidity.

The problem of external invalidity refers to the generalizability of results.

For the most part,preexperimental designs are simplified forms of the traditional experiment.

Human Inquiry and Science

Paradigms Theory and Research

The Ethics and Politics of Social Research

Research Design

Conceptualization Operationalization and Measurement

Indexes Scales and Typologies

The Logic of Sampling

Survey Research

Qualitative Field Research

Unobtrusive Research

Evaluation Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Reading and Writing Social Research

Filters