Question 1

How is global climate change expected to affect global per capita GDP by the year 2200?

Accepted Answer

A) GDP is supposed to increase slightly by the year 2200,but the GPI is expected to decrease precipitously as people struggle emotionally and socioeconomically from the effects of climate change. 
B) Climate change is expected to boost GDP by greater than 5% annually by the year 2200 as economies flourish because of extra spending on flooding,hurricanes,droughts,and other impacts of climate change. 
C) GDP is expected to increase because all projections indicate that human populations will crash by the year 2200,so per capita GDP will increase. 
D) Climate change is expected to decrease GDP by greater than 5% annually by the year 2200 as economies struggle because of the economic effects of flooding,hurricanes,droughts,and other impacts of climate change. 
E) GDP is expected to increase by 3 to 5 degrees Celsius by the year 2200. 
A) GDP is supposed to increase slightly by the year 2200,but the GPI is expected to decrease precipitously as people struggle emotionally and socioeconomically from the effects of climate change. 
B) Climate change is expected to boost GDP by greater than 5% annually by the year 2200 as economies flourish because of extra spending on flooding,hurricanes,droughts,and other impacts of climate change. 
C) GDP is expected to increase because all projections indicate that human populations will crash by the year 2200,so per capita GDP will increase. 
D) Climate change is expected to decrease GDP by greater than 5% annually by the year 2200 as economies struggle because of the economic effects of flooding,hurricanes,droughts,and other impacts of climate change. 
E) GDP is expected to increase by 3 to 5 degrees Celsius by the year 2200. D

Question 2

Which of the following describes changes in forest cover in Costa Rica since 1940?

Accepted Answer

A) Costa Rica has lost virtually all of its forests to agriculture since 1940. 
B) Costa Rica's forests have changed dramatically in composition since 1940 because the forests have been invaded by European buckthorn and other invasive species. 
C) Costa Rica has been regaining lost forest land since 1940,when strict forest regulations were passed and the country began serious reforestation efforts. 
D) Costa Rica rapidly lost forests from 1940 until the 1980s,but its forests have more than doubled in size since then. 
E) Costa Rica's forests increased in size slightly from 1940 until 1985,after which Costa Rica began rapidly losing forests because multinational coffee companies began cutting down rainforest to create coffee plantations. 
A) Costa Rica has lost virtually all of its forests to agriculture since 1940. 
B) Costa Rica's forests have changed dramatically in composition since 1940 because the forests have been invaded by European buckthorn and other invasive species. 
C) Costa Rica has been regaining lost forest land since 1940,when strict forest regulations were passed and the country began serious reforestation efforts. 
D) Costa Rica rapidly lost forests from 1940 until the 1980s,but its forests have more than doubled in size since then. 
E) Costa Rica's forests increased in size slightly from 1940 until 1985,after which Costa Rica began rapidly losing forests because multinational coffee companies began cutting down rainforest to create coffee plantations. D

Question 3

In general,environmentalists believe that governments should _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) discourage ecolabeling 
B) nationalize all Earth's natural resources 
C) promote social and environmental justice 
D) deregulate corporations 
E) lower corporate taxes 
A) discourage ecolabeling 
B) nationalize all Earth's natural resources 
C) promote social and environmental justice 
D) deregulate corporations 
E) lower corporate taxes C

Question 4

A subsistence economy is one that _____________

Accepted Answer

A) meets its needs by overfishing lakes and rivers 
B) purchases goods and services from others 
C) purchases resources for immediate use 
D) meets its needs without working for wages and purchasing necessities 
E) meets is needs while causing ecosystem destruction 
A) meets its needs by overfishing lakes and rivers 
B) purchases goods and services from others 
C) purchases resources for immediate use 
D) meets its needs without working for wages and purchasing necessities 
E) meets is needs while causing ecosystem destruction

Question 5

Which of the following is a similarity between the two projections shown?

Accepted Answer

A) Industrial output drops off in both scenarios. 
B) Human populations will inevitably crash in both projections. 
C) Resources continue to be depleted in both scenarios. 
D) Food resources crash in both scenarios. 
E) Pollution will be a growing problem in both projections. 
A) Industrial output drops off in both scenarios. 
B) Human populations will inevitably crash in both projections. 
C) Resources continue to be depleted in both scenarios. 
D) Food resources crash in both scenarios. 
E) Pollution will be a growing problem in both projections.

Question 6

Aldo Leopold's "Land Ethic" essay _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) describes how American Navajos suffered from the adverse effects of uranium mining 
B) describes how most toxic landfills are located in poorer communities 
C) decries pesticide misuse 
D) encourages actions that preserve biotic communities 
E) describes the history of the EPA 
A) describes how American Navajos suffered from the adverse effects of uranium mining 
B) describes how most toxic landfills are located in poorer communities 
C) decries pesticide misuse 
D) encourages actions that preserve biotic communities 
E) describes the history of the EPA

Question 7

In neoclassical economics,the practice of "discounting" is used to ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) price goods that are in low demand 
B) price goods that are in low supply 
C) dismiss viewpoints that run counter to the main tenets of neoclassical economics 
D) decrease the importance and value of future people and goods 
E) encourage sustainable practices by making it more economically feasible to update sewage treatment plants and municipal landfills 
A) price goods that are in low demand 
B) price goods that are in low supply 
C) dismiss viewpoints that run counter to the main tenets of neoclassical economics 
D) decrease the importance and value of future people and goods 
E) encourage sustainable practices by making it more economically feasible to update sewage treatment plants and municipal landfills

Question 8

Accounting for nonmarket values of ecosystem services may help us make better environmental and economic decisions.Identify,briefly describe,and give examples of these nonmarket values.

Accepted Answer

Nonmarket values of ecosystem services i

Question 9

A(n) _____________ is best defined as one who evaluates an action based on its impact on human health, economic costs and benefits,and aesthetic concerns.

Accepted Answer

A) ecocentrist 
B) market economist 
C) ethnocentrist 
D) anthropocentrist 
E) biocentrist 
A) ecocentrist 
B) market economist 
C) ethnocentrist 
D) anthropocentrist 
E) biocentrist

Question 10

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question
-If a nonrenewable resource such as oil suddenly became scarce while demand remained constant, the price of the resource would ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) increase 
B) decrease 
C) remain unchanged 
D) move down the demand line 
E) move down the supply line 
A) increase 
B) decrease 
C) remain unchanged 
D) move down the demand line 
E) move down the supply line

Question 11

_____________ involves the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color,national origin,or income,with respect to the development,implementation,and enforcement of environmental laws,regulations,and policies.

Accepted Answer

A) Ecological justice 
B) Environmental justice 
C) Land ethics 
D) Conservation 
E) Socialism 
A) Ecological justice 
B) Environmental justice 
C) Land ethics 
D) Conservation 
E) Socialism

Question 12

You have two friends who are ethicists.One is a universalist,and the other is a relativist.You listen as they discuss many issues,during which all of the following statements are made.Which statement is most likely to have been spoken by the relativist?

Accepted Answer

A) Environmentally harmful actions such as logging and overfishing are selfish and should be punished. 
B) Killing people is wrong. 
C) Lying is wrong because it can affect another person negatively. 
D) People always have a right to take whatever measures they see fit to defend their life and property. 
E) Slavery is not ethically wrong in societies where slaves are otherwise at risk of starvation and misery. 
A) Environmentally harmful actions such as logging and overfishing are selfish and should be punished. 
B) Killing people is wrong. 
C) Lying is wrong because it can affect another person negatively. 
D) People always have a right to take whatever measures they see fit to defend their life and property. 
E) Slavery is not ethically wrong in societies where slaves are otherwise at risk of starvation and misery.

Question 13

Briefly describe the Cornucopian and Cassandran economic positions relative to their environmental views.

Accepted Answer

Cornucopians such as Julian Simon feel t

Question 14

Describe the ways in which a nation's attitude toward environmental issues might be shaped by economics,culture and religion,political ideology,and laws.

Accepted Answer

A nation's economic situation will affec

Question 15

Which of the following best illustrates the intrinsic value of an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A) Woodpeckers in the Black Hills eat mountain pine beetles that have been killing millions of acres of pine forests in the western U.S.,costing millions of dollars in lost timber sales and creating an extreme fire hazard. 
B) A wetland filters runoff and detoxifies water before it percolates into drinking water aquifers. 
C) An estuary is often a stopover location for millions of migrating shorebirds that need to stop and fuel up on the invertebrates living in the mudflats. 
D) Chippewa National Forest in Minnesota provides jobs for loggers. 
E) My professor's prairie provides flowers for her colony of honeybees to harvest pollen. 
A) Woodpeckers in the Black Hills eat mountain pine beetles that have been killing millions of acres of pine forests in the western U.S.,costing millions of dollars in lost timber sales and creating an extreme fire hazard. 
B) A wetland filters runoff and detoxifies water before it percolates into drinking water aquifers. 
C) An estuary is often a stopover location for millions of migrating shorebirds that need to stop and fuel up on the invertebrates living in the mudflats. 
D) Chippewa National Forest in Minnesota provides jobs for loggers. 
E) My professor's prairie provides flowers for her colony of honeybees to harvest pollen.

Question 16

Modern market economies generally do NOT address _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) market value of goods 
B) cost -benefit analysis 
C) GDP 
D) cost of production 
E) aesthetic and cultural value 
A) market value of goods 
B) cost -benefit analysis 
C) GDP 
D) cost of production 
E) aesthetic and cultural value

Question 17

You spend the night at a hotel and notice a sign in the bathroom asking you to place dirty towels on the floor and to hang up towels that you wish to reuse.By doing so,the hotel chain can help "save the planet" by conserving water and detergent.You recognize that the hotel chain would also save a lot of money by not having to launder so many towels,and you begin to wonder cynically whether the hotel isn't just practicing _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) greenwashing 
B) discounting 
C) the externalizing of costs 
D) ecolabeling 
E) environmental justice 
A) greenwashing 
B) discounting 
C) the externalizing of costs 
D) ecolabeling 
E) environmental justice

Question 18

Which of the following includes volunteer work and damage from pollution in a country's goods and services?

Accepted Answer

A) GDP 
B) GAP 
C) GPI 
D) GNP 
E) ATP 
A) GDP 
B) GAP 
C) GPI 
D) GNP 
E) ATP

Question 19

Which of the following is an assumption of neoclassical economics?

Accepted Answer

A) Long -term effects and planning are important. 
B) Resources are finite and should be conserved for the greater good of society. 
C) External costs and benefits are valuable. 
D) Economic growth is a means toward greater human well -being. 
E) All citizens deserve just and equal economic and sociopolitical treatment. 
A) Long -term effects and planning are important. 
B) Resources are finite and should be conserved for the greater good of society. 
C) External costs and benefits are valuable. 
D) Economic growth is a means toward greater human well -being. 
E) All citizens deserve just and equal economic and sociopolitical treatment.

Question 20

_____________ is the philosophical movement espoused by Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman which saw natural entities as symbols or messengers of deeper spiritual truth.

Accepted Answer

A) Ecofeminism 
B) Preservationism 
C) Transcendentalism 
D) Environmental justice movement 
E) Pantheism 
A) Ecofeminism 
B) Preservationism 
C) Transcendentalism 
D) Environmental justice movement 
E) Pantheism

Exam 6: Ethics,economics,and Sustainable Development

How is global climate change expected to affect global per capita GDP by the year 2200?

Which of the following describes changes in forest cover in Costa Rica since 1940?

In general,environmentalists believe that governments should _____________.

A subsistence economy is one that _____________

Which of the following is a similarity between the two projections shown?

Aldo Leopold's "Land Ethic" essay _____________.

In neoclassical economics,the practice of "discounting" is used to ________________.

Accounting for nonmarket values of ecosystem services may help us make better environmental and economic decisions.Identify,briefly describe,and give examples of these nonmarket values.

A(n) _____________ is best defined as one who evaluates an action based on its impact on human health, economic costs and benefits,and aesthetic concerns.

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question -If a nonrenewable resource such as oil suddenly became scarce while demand remained constant, the price of the resource would ____________.

_____________ involves the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color,national origin,or income,with respect to the development,implementation,and enforcement of environmental laws,regulations,and policies.

You have two friends who are ethicists.One is a universalist,and the other is a relativist.You listen as they discuss many issues,during which all of the following statements are made.Which statement is most likely to have been spoken by the relativist?

Briefly describe the Cornucopian and Cassandran economic positions relative to their environmental views.

Describe the ways in which a nation's attitude toward environmental issues might be shaped by economics,culture and religion,political ideology,and laws.

Which of the following best illustrates the intrinsic value of an ecosystem?

Modern market economies generally do NOT address _____________.

Which of the following includes volunteer work and damage from pollution in a country's goods and services?

Which of the following is an assumption of neoclassical economics?

_____________ is the philosophical movement espoused by Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman which saw natural entities as symbols or messengers of deeper spiritual truth.

Science and Sustainability

Earths Physical Systems

Evolution,biodiversity,and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Environmental Systems and Ecosystem Ecology

Environmental Policy

Human Population

The Underpinnings of Agriculture

Making Agriculture Sustainable

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests,forest Management,and Protected Areas

The Urban Environment

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Freshwater Systems and Resources

Marine and Coastal Systems and Resources

Atmospheric Science,air Quality,and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Fossil Fuels

Conventional Energy Alternatives

New Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

Minerals and Mining

Sustainable Solutions

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