Question 1

Positive contrast agents

Accepted Answer

A)  have high atomic numbers. 
B)  appear opaque on radiographs because of the degree of attenuation. 
C)  have a tendency to absorb X-ray photon energy to a great extent. 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  have high atomic numbers. 
B)  appear opaque on radiographs because of the degree of attenuation. 
C)  have a tendency to absorb X-ray photon energy to a great extent. 
D)  All of the above are correct. D

Question 2

A responsible medical imaging professional will always maintain his or her focus on patients,particularly when any contrast agent is administered.A mandatory prerequisite to these studies is always

Accepted Answer

A)  laboratory tests to determine renal function. 
B)  a completed registration form. 
C)  a thorough medical history including allergies and diseases. 
D)  making sure a qualified nurse is available to handle any reactions. 
A)  laboratory tests to determine renal function. 
B)  a completed registration form. 
C)  a thorough medical history including allergies and diseases. 
D)  making sure a qualified nurse is available to handle any reactions. C

Question 3

A radiopharmaceutical is

Accepted Answer

A)  a contrast agent. 
B)  any medication given to patients in radiology. 
C)  any medication given by a radiologist. 
D)  a radioactive material used for nuclear imaging. 
A)  a contrast agent. 
B)  any medication given to patients in radiology. 
C)  any medication given by a radiologist. 
D)  a radioactive material used for nuclear imaging. D

Question 4

An undesirable characteristic of ionic contrast agents is their

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical stability and inertness. 
B)  neutral osmolality. 
C)  neutral pH. 
D)  dissociation into a cation and an anion when dissolved in plasma. 
A)  chemical stability and inertness. 
B)  neutral osmolality. 
C)  neutral pH. 
D)  dissociation into a cation and an anion when dissolved in plasma.

Question 5

When a nonionic contrast agent is injected into an artery such as the carotid,visualization of the artery and its branches occurs because

Accepted Answer

A)  blood in the artery chemically changes into iodine. 
B)  iodine in the contrast agent mixes with blood and makes the artery radiopaque. 
C)  the contrast medium makes the artery easier to penetrate at the optimum kVp. 
D)  the contrast agent changes into a radiopharmaceutical. 
A)  blood in the artery chemically changes into iodine. 
B)  iodine in the contrast agent mixes with blood and makes the artery radiopaque. 
C)  the contrast medium makes the artery easier to penetrate at the optimum kVp. 
D)  the contrast agent changes into a radiopharmaceutical.

Question 6

A double-contrast study of the colon is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a low-contrast examination. 
B)  the use of both a negative and a positive contrast agent on the same image. 
C)  an exam utilizing twice the volume of contrast media. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  a low-contrast examination. 
B)  the use of both a negative and a positive contrast agent on the same image. 
C)  an exam utilizing twice the volume of contrast media. 
D)  All of the above

Question 7

For select examinations,air (negative contrast)and radiopaque contrast are used as a pair to outline mucosal linings,joint interspaces,and passageways.These examinations are considered

Accepted Answer

A)  double-contrast studies. 
B)  extremely dangerous and rarely done. 
C)  single-contrast examinations. 
D)  low-contrast studies. 
A)  double-contrast studies. 
B)  extremely dangerous and rarely done. 
C)  single-contrast examinations. 
D)  low-contrast studies.

Question 8

All of the following are true of barium sulfate as a contrast agent except

Accepted Answer

A)  when mixed with water,it dissolves completely. 
B)  its atomic number (Z)is 56. 
C)  it is chemically inert. 
D)  barium sulfate is often mixed with water and sodium citrate,to prevent flocculation. 
A)  when mixed with water,it dissolves completely. 
B)  its atomic number (Z)is 56. 
C)  it is chemically inert. 
D)  barium sulfate is often mixed with water and sodium citrate,to prevent flocculation.

Question 9

When using any type of contrast agent for a radiographic examination,

Accepted Answer

A)  the patient should have the final choice on the type of contrast used. 
B)  a thorough medical history must be taken by the imaging professional. 
C)  the cost of the contrast agent and options should be explained to the patient agent. 
D)  a radiopharmaceutical may be substituted for contrast material,in patients with a moderated risk factor. 
A)  the patient should have the final choice on the type of contrast used. 
B)  a thorough medical history must be taken by the imaging professional. 
C)  the cost of the contrast agent and options should be explained to the patient agent. 
D)  a radiopharmaceutical may be substituted for contrast material,in patients with a moderated risk factor.

Question 10

Negative contrast agents

Accepted Answer

A)  are opaque to the transmission of X-rays. 
B)  have low atomic numbers. 
C)  provide high X-ray beam attenuation and absorption. 
D)  are materials such as bone and metal. 
A)  are opaque to the transmission of X-rays. 
B)  have low atomic numbers. 
C)  provide high X-ray beam attenuation and absorption. 
D)  are materials such as bone and metal.

Question 11

The osmotic effects of ionic contrast agents are a result of the movement of

Accepted Answer

A)  water from the body's cells into the bloodstream,causing increased blood volume and higher blood pressure. 
B)  water from the blood plasma into cells,causing them to swell and possibly burst. 
C)  iodine into cells,thereby increasing the cell membrane permeability. 
D)  glucose molecules into cells,increasing metabolism. 
A)  water from the body's cells into the bloodstream,causing increased blood volume and higher blood pressure. 
B)  water from the blood plasma into cells,causing them to swell and possibly burst. 
C)  iodine into cells,thereby increasing the cell membrane permeability. 
D)  glucose molecules into cells,increasing metabolism.

Question 12

The use of contrast material as a means for visualizing human anatomy has a long history.Regardless of the type of contrast media,the purpose for using contrast media is to

Accepted Answer

A)  take advantage of Compton interactions and increase the amount of remnant radiation. 
B)  enhance the low subject contrast of anatomic structures. 
C)  improve gastric motility and digestion. 
D)  improve the contrast between high contrast structures such as bone. 
A)  take advantage of Compton interactions and increase the amount of remnant radiation. 
B)  enhance the low subject contrast of anatomic structures. 
C)  improve gastric motility and digestion. 
D)  improve the contrast between high contrast structures such as bone.

Question 13

When working with a radiopharmaceutical,the nuclear medicine professional must be particularly aware of

Accepted Answer

A)  the half-life of the isotope. 
B)  any isotope spills or leaks. 
C)  contamination of isotope that yields image artifacts. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  the half-life of the isotope. 
B)  any isotope spills or leaks. 
C)  contamination of isotope that yields image artifacts. 
D)  All of the above

Question 14

Laboratory tests to assess a patient's BUN and creatinine are used to determine the patient's

Accepted Answer

A)  liver function. 
B)  renal function. 
C)  pancreas. 
D)  thymus. 
A)  liver function. 
B)  renal function. 
C)  pancreas. 
D)  thymus.

Question 15

Barium sulfate would be contraindicated for a patient with

Accepted Answer

A)  colonic polyps. 
B)  a suspected duodenal bulb perforation. 
C)  diverticulosis. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  colonic polyps. 
B)  a suspected duodenal bulb perforation. 
C)  diverticulosis. 
D)  All of the above

Question 16

Nonionic low-osmolality contrast agents have gained tremendous popularity with physicians as a safer choice for iodine contrast examinations.It is important to remember that nonionics

Accepted Answer

A)  are much less expensive than ionics. 
B)  still pose a risk to renal function. 
C)  are more difficult to inject owing to their higher viscosity. 
D)  cannot be used on patients who have had several CT examinations. 
A)  are much less expensive than ionics. 
B)  still pose a risk to renal function. 
C)  are more difficult to inject owing to their higher viscosity. 
D)  cannot be used on patients who have had several CT examinations.

Question 17

After the injection of an ionic iodinated contrast agent into a patient for a renal study,the patient complains of a warm feeling and is starting to itch.You notice the patient is developing urticaria.As you monitor the patient,you should

Accepted Answer

A)  calmly talk to the patient to lessen their stress level,which is the likely cause of the symptoms casually watch the patient and note any more symptoms because these are not unusual. 
B)  closely monitor the patient and look for worsening signs such as vomiting and bronchospasm. 
C)  inform the radiologist or physician of the patient's anaphylaxis. 
D)  closely monitor the patient and look for worsening signs such as vomiting and bronchospasm and inform the radiologist or physician of the patient's anaphylaxis. 
A)  calmly talk to the patient to lessen their stress level,which is the likely cause of the symptoms casually watch the patient and note any more symptoms because these are not unusual. 
B)  closely monitor the patient and look for worsening signs such as vomiting and bronchospasm. 
C)  inform the radiologist or physician of the patient's anaphylaxis. 
D)  closely monitor the patient and look for worsening signs such as vomiting and bronchospasm and inform the radiologist or physician of the patient's anaphylaxis.

Question 18

Most adverse reactions to ionic,iodinated contrast agents are caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  their pH. 
B)  their hydrogen concentration. 
C)  their osmolality. 
D)  the presence of iodine. 
A)  their pH. 
B)  their hydrogen concentration. 
C)  their osmolality. 
D)  the presence of iodine.

Question 19

A common contrast agent used for MRI examinations is

Accepted Answer

A)  protease. 
B)  barium sulfate. 
C)  gadolinium-DTPA. 
D)  triiodinated thorium. 
A)  protease. 
B)  barium sulfate. 
C)  gadolinium-DTPA. 
D)  triiodinated thorium.

Question 20

Select the true statement from the choices below.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nuclear studies using radiopharmaceuticals are generally more functional in nature. 
B)  Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF)is a significant concern in the use of radioisotopes in nuclear medicine.Radiographic examinations are generally more structural in nature. 
C)  When a patient scheduled for both a PET scan and CT scan,it is important to do the CT scan first due to the length of the PET scan procedure and its radioisotope half-life. 
D)  The principle ingredient in MR contrast material is hydrogen. 
A)  Nuclear studies using radiopharmaceuticals are generally more functional in nature. 
B)  Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF)is a significant concern in the use of radioisotopes in nuclear medicine.Radiographic examinations are generally more structural in nature. 
C)  When a patient scheduled for both a PET scan and CT scan,it is important to do the CT scan first due to the length of the PET scan procedure and its radioisotope half-life. 
D)  The principle ingredient in MR contrast material is hydrogen.

Exam 23: Contrast Media and Introduction to Radiopharmaceuticals

Positive contrast agents

A responsible medical imaging professional will always maintain his or her focus on patients,particularly when any contrast agent is administered.A mandatory prerequisite to these studies is always

A radiopharmaceutical is

An undesirable characteristic of ionic contrast agents is their

When a nonionic contrast agent is injected into an artery such as the carotid,visualization of the artery and its branches occurs because

A double-contrast study of the colon is an example of

For select examinations,air (negative contrast)and radiopaque contrast are used as a pair to outline mucosal linings,joint interspaces,and passageways.These examinations are considered

All of the following are true of barium sulfate as a contrast agent except

When using any type of contrast agent for a radiographic examination,

Negative contrast agents

The osmotic effects of ionic contrast agents are a result of the movement of

The use of contrast material as a means for visualizing human anatomy has a long history.Regardless of the type of contrast media,the purpose for using contrast media is to

When working with a radiopharmaceutical,the nuclear medicine professional must be particularly aware of

Laboratory tests to assess a patient's BUN and creatinine are used to determine the patient's

Barium sulfate would be contraindicated for a patient with

Nonionic low-osmolality contrast agents have gained tremendous popularity with physicians as a safer choice for iodine contrast examinations.It is important to remember that nonionics

After the injection of an ionic iodinated contrast agent into a patient for a renal study,the patient complains of a warm feeling and is starting to itch.You notice the patient is developing urticaria.As you monitor the patient,you should

Most adverse reactions to ionic,iodinated contrast agents are caused by

A common contrast agent used for MRI examinations is

Select the true statement from the choices below.

Introduction to Imaging and Radiologic Sciences

Professional Organizations

Educational Survival Skills

Critical-Thinking and Problem-Solving Strategies

Introduction to Clinical Education

Radiology Administration

Radiographic Imaging

Radiographic and Fluoroscopic Equipment

Basic Radiation Protection and Radiobiology

Human Diversity

Patient Interactions

History Taking

Safe Patient Movement and Handling Techniques

Immobilization Techniques

Vital Signs, oxygen, chest Tubes, and Lines

Basic Cardiac Monitoring: the Electrocardiogram

Infection Control

Aseptic Techniques

Nonaseptic Techniques

Medical Emergencies

Pharmacology

Principles of Drug Administration

Professional Ethics

Health Records and Health Information Management

Medical Law

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