Question 1

When using chi-square, statistically significant but very weak relationships between variables are likely to occur if:

Accepted Answer

A)  samples sizes are large. 
B)  sample sizes are small. 
C)  the independent variable contains many different value categories. 
D)  the dependent variable contains many different value categories. 
A)  samples sizes are large. 
B)  sample sizes are small. 
C)  the independent variable contains many different value categories. 
D)  the dependent variable contains many different value categories. A

Question 2

When the effect of a control variable is examined:

Accepted Answer

A)  the relationship between the independent and dependent variables may be stronger. 
B)  the relationship between the independent and dependent variables may be weaker. 
C)  the relationship between the independent and dependent variables may be unchanged. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the relationship between the independent and dependent variables may be stronger. 
B)  the relationship between the independent and dependent variables may be weaker. 
C)  the relationship between the independent and dependent variables may be unchanged. 
D)  all of the above D

Question 3

Chi-square is a test for between variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  cause and effect. 
B)  correlation. 
C)  association. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  cause and effect. 
B)  correlation. 
C)  association. 
D)  all of the above C

Question 4

Chi-square determines if there is support for a relationship between variables by comparing:

Accepted Answer

A)  a sample mean with a population mean. 
B)  the mean of two research samples. 
C)  observed frequencies and expected frequencies. 
D)  observed frequencies and degrees of freedom. 
A)  a sample mean with a population mean. 
B)  the mean of two research samples. 
C)  observed frequencies and expected frequencies. 
D)  observed frequencies and degrees of freedom.

Question 5

A dummy table uses asterisks to indicate where there will be disproportionately large frequencies if:

Accepted Answer

A)  requirements for using chi-square cannot be met. 
B)  there is support for a one-tailed research hypothesis. 
C)  there is support for a two-tailed research hypothesis. 
D)  there is support for the null research hypothesis. 
A)  requirements for using chi-square cannot be met. 
B)  there is support for a one-tailed research hypothesis. 
C)  there is support for a two-tailed research hypothesis. 
D)  there is support for the null research hypothesis.

Question 6

Should a researcher ever use chi-square to examine the relationship between two variables that are interval level and normally distributed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, since chi-square can be computed with any level of data. 
B)  Yes, since it can produce a significant saving in data analysis time. 
C)  Yes, since it is more powerful than tests designed for use with higher levels of level. 
D)  No, because it wastes the available precision of measurement, and can result in a Type II error. 
A)  Yes, since chi-square can be computed with any level of data. 
B)  Yes, since it can produce a significant saving in data analysis time. 
C)  Yes, since it is more powerful than tests designed for use with higher levels of level. 
D)  No, because it wastes the available precision of measurement, and can result in a Type II error.

Question 7

In chi-square analysis, the numbers that best reflects the null hypothesis are the:

Accepted Answer

A)  column totals. 
B)  row totals. 
C)  observed frequencies. 
D)  expected frequencies. 
A)  column totals. 
B)  row totals. 
C)  observed frequencies. 
D)  expected frequencies.

Question 8

When conducting chi-square analysis, it is possible to examine the effect of a third, control variable by using:

Accepted Answer

A)  the median test. 
B)  McNemar's test. 
C)  multiple crosstabulation tables. 
D)  Lambda. 
A)  the median test. 
B)  McNemar's test. 
C)  multiple crosstabulation tables. 
D)  Lambda.

Question 9

In reporting the results of chi-square analysis, it is a good idea to also report one or more measures of association such as Yules Q or phi. What additional information do they give the reader of a research report?

Accepted Answer

A)  The probability that sampling error may have produced a relationship between variables. 
B)  The probability that sampling bias may have produced a relationship between variables. 
C)  An estimate of the strength of the relationship between variables. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  The probability that sampling error may have produced a relationship between variables. 
B)  The probability that sampling bias may have produced a relationship between variables. 
C)  An estimate of the strength of the relationship between variables. 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

The Yates correction factor for continuity is a mathematical correction that is made to the chi-square formula when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the sample size is very large. 
B)  the sample size is small. 
C)  there are only four cells in the crosstabulation table. 
D)  The observed frequencies in one or more cells is less than 5. 
A)  the sample size is very large. 
B)  the sample size is small. 
C)  there are only four cells in the crosstabulation table. 
D)  The observed frequencies in one or more cells is less than 5.

Question 11

How many degrees of freedom are there in a 2 X 3 crosstabulation table?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  3 
C)  2 
D)  1 
A)  6 
B)  3 
C)  2 
D)  1

Question 12

If the requirements for use of chi-square cannot be met, what statistical test can be substituted for it?

Accepted Answer

A)  the median test 
B)  McNemar's test 
C)  Fisher's exact 
D)  Cramer's V 
A)  the median test 
B)  McNemar's test 
C)  Fisher's exact 
D)  Cramer's V

Question 13

When conducting chi-square analysis, "collapsing" refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  adding one or more additional variables to the analysis. 
B)  combining cells to be able to meet the requirements for using the chi-square formula. 
C)  combining the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in each cell. 
D)  calculating the mean for the observed and expected frequencies for each cell. 
A)  adding one or more additional variables to the analysis. 
B)  combining cells to be able to meet the requirements for using the chi-square formula. 
C)  combining the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in each cell. 
D)  calculating the mean for the observed and expected frequencies for each cell.

Question 14

What is a requirement for the use of chi-square?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 2 X 2 cross tabulation table. 
B)  an expected frequency of 5 or more in at least 80% of the cells. 
C)  an observed frequency of 5 or more in at least 80% of the cells. 
D)  a sample size of at least 100. 
A)  a 2 X 2 cross tabulation table. 
B)  an expected frequency of 5 or more in at least 80% of the cells. 
C)  an observed frequency of 5 or more in at least 80% of the cells. 
D)  a sample size of at least 100.

Question 15

In chi-square analysis, degrees of freedom provide a way of adjusting for:

Accepted Answer

A)  the size of the research sample. 
B)  the number of cells that contribute to the chi-square value. 
C)  the difference between observed and expected frequencies. 
D)  the difference between nominal and ordinal level measurement. 
A)  the size of the research sample. 
B)  the number of cells that contribute to the chi-square value. 
C)  the difference between observed and expected frequencies. 
D)  the difference between nominal and ordinal level measurement.

When using chi-square, statistically significant but very weak relationships between variables are likely to occur if:

When the effect of a control variable is examined:

Chi-square is a test for between variables.

Chi-square determines if there is support for a relationship between variables by comparing:

A dummy table uses asterisks to indicate where there will be disproportionately large frequencies if:

Should a researcher ever use chi-square to examine the relationship between two variables that are interval level and normally distributed?

In chi-square analysis, the numbers that best reflects the null hypothesis are the:

When conducting chi-square analysis, it is possible to examine the effect of a third, control variable by using:

In reporting the results of chi-square analysis, it is a good idea to also report one or more measures of association such as Yules Q or phi. What additional information do they give the reader of a research report?

The Yates correction factor for continuity is a mathematical correction that is made to the chi-square formula when:

How many degrees of freedom are there in a 2 X 3 crosstabulation table?

If the requirements for use of chi-square cannot be met, what statistical test can be substituted for it?

When conducting chi-square analysis, "collapsing" refers to:

What is a requirement for the use of chi-square?

In chi-square analysis, degrees of freedom provide a way of adjusting for:

Introduction

Frequency Distributions and Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency and Variability

Normal Distributions

Hypothesis Testing: Basic Principles

Sampling Distributions, Rejection Regions, and Statistical Test Selection

T Tests and Analysis of Variance

Correlation Analyses

Regression Analyses

Other Ways That Statistical Analyses Contribute to Evidence-Based Practice

Filters

Exam 8: The Chi-Square Test of Association Between Variables

When using chi-square, statistically significant but very weak relationships between variables are likely to occur if:

When the effect of a control variable is examined:

Chi-square is a test for between variables.

Chi-square determines if there is support for a relationship between variables by comparing:

A dummy table uses asterisks to indicate where there will be disproportionately large frequencies if:

Should a researcher ever use chi-square to examine the relationship between two variables that are interval level and normally distributed?

In chi-square analysis, the numbers that best reflects the null hypothesis are the:

When conducting chi-square analysis, it is possible to examine the effect of a third, control variable by using:

In reporting the results of chi-square analysis, it is a good idea to also report one or more measures of association such as Yules Q or phi. What additional information do they give the reader of a research report?

The Yates correction factor for continuity is a mathematical correction that is made to the chi-square formula when:

How many degrees of freedom are there in a 2 X 3 crosstabulation table?

If the requirements for use of chi-square cannot be met, what statistical test can be substituted for it?

When conducting chi-square analysis, "collapsing" refers to:

What is a requirement for the use of chi-square?

In chi-square analysis, degrees of freedom provide a way of adjusting for:

Introduction

Frequency Distributions and Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency and Variability

Normal Distributions

Hypothesis Testing: Basic Principles

Sampling Distributions, Rejection Regions, and Statistical Test Selection

T Tests and Analysis of Variance

Correlation Analyses

Regression Analyses

Other Ways That Statistical Analyses Contribute to Evidence-Based Practice

Filters