Exam 2: Physiology of Cells and Molecules

A 50-year-old woman has diminished sensation in the left part of her face and eyelid. She feels no pain in her left cornea and has no tearing in that eye. A lesion in which of the following areas is most likely to cause these findings?

Which of the following when administered to a normal individual produces effects similar to that observed in patients with myasthenia gravis?

Insulin binding to its receptor tyrosine kinase leads to:

In aging, if osteoclast activity is constant, but osteoblast activity progressively decreases, which disease will likely develop?

A 45-year-old woman experiences blurred vision and difficulty swallowing after eating some home-canned vegetables. These symptoms are followed by respiratory distress and flaccid paralysis. The symptoms of her illness are most associated with which of the following?

A 24-year-old bicyclist severely injures his right leg after colliding with an automobile. He is hemorrhaging from the wound but is stabilized, with a blood pressure of 90/40 mmHg and a heart rate of 100/min. He was not wearing protective head gear at the time of the accident, but shows no evidence of head trauma. His breathing is rapid and shallow. Blood pressure and urine flow could best be improved in this patient by:

Which of the following causes of brain hypoxia would most strongly stimulate the aortic and carotid chemoreceptors?

A 58-year-old woman develops a fever and dyspnea approximately 24 h after undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Physical examination shows decreased percussion, increased tactile fremitus, and decreased breath sounds in the right lower lobe. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A tall, obese 14-year-old boy with long arms has bilateral gynecomastia, decreased testicular size for his age, and sparse axillary and pubic hair. A buccal smear preparation shows a single Barr body extending off the nuclear membrane of many squamous cells. Which of the following sets of laboratory studies would be expected in this patient?

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be determined from:

A 30-year-old man with a family history of sudden cardiac death has a systolic murmur that increases in intensity when he is sitting up. An echocardiogram shows abnormal movement of the anterior mitral valve leaflet against an asymmetrically thickened interventricular septum. The mechanism for sudden cardiac death in this patient's family is most closely attributed to which of the following conditions?

A 74-year-old comatose man, exhibits flexion of the left upper extremity with passive movement of the head to the right, and flexion of the right upper extremity when the head is moved to the left. His legs are fixed in extension during all movements. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of these findings?

You determine that your 1-year-old male patient has cryptorchidism. Cryptorchidism is the term used to describe non-descent of the testes. Which of the following statements is correct in connection with this process?

A healthy 16-year-old man experiences severe hemorrhaging following an automobile accident. He is conscious and aware upon arrival at the emergency department, but hypotensive, and tachypneic. Which of the following is associated with the hemodynamic response to hemorrhage?

A 5-year-old boy has a history of growth retardation, pulmonary infections, and bulky, oily, malodorous stools. Which of the following test results would be expected in this patient?

A 23-year-old woman, who complains of chronic cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness is diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following is the best clinical indicator of significant pulmonary obstruction in patients with asthma?

A patient complains of excessive urine output and constant thirst. Laboratory tests show an elevated plasma sodium concentration (151 mEq/L) and elevated plasma osmolality (320 mOsm/L). The urine osmolality is only 75 mOsm/L. Which of the following could explain the patient's problem?

A 25-year-old woman complains of chronic constipation and progressive weight gain over the past 6 months despite maintaining a pure vegan diet. Physical examination reveals a fatigued woman with brittle hair, face and eyelid puffiness, a symmetrically enlarged, non-tender thyroid gland, prolonged relaxation phase of deep tendon reflexes, and proximal muscle weakness in her lower extremities. Which set of the following results of thyroid function studies shown below would you expect in this patient? Serum thyroxine Serum thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) 131 (radioactive iodine) uptake A Low Low Low Low High Nomal High Low Low High Low High Normal Normal Normal

An 8-year-old healthy boy is concerned about his very short stature. His growth hormone level is within normal limits despite the fact that his growth rate and bone age are below the norm for children of the same chronologic age. The level of which of the following hormones is most likely to be abnormal?

A 25-year-old woman has had secondary amenorrhea for the past 8 months. She plans to get married soon, and states that she has been trying to lose weight for her upcoming wedding. A urine pregnancy test is negative. The patient is given an intramuscular injection of progesterone. Ten days later she reports that she has had no withdrawal bleeding. Laboratory studies show the following serum levels: Normal range Prolactin 10/ 5-10/ Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 3/ 5-15/ Luteinizing hormone () 2/ 5-22/ Thyroid-stimulating hormone () 4.1\mu/ 10\mu/ Estradiol 1/24 0-14/24 Cortisol (a.m.) 35\mu 5-25\mu/ Growth hormone 10/ <5/ Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?