Exam 8: Quantitative Methods

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Describe some of the benefits of using a survey design in quantitative research.

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Stratification in a research study means that specific characteristics of individuals will be represented in a sample population relative to their proportion in the population.Some characteristics that researchers may wish to stratify include gender,race/ethnicity,and age.

Describe the information that should be included in descriptive analysis of a research study.

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A descriptive analysis of all data is necessary for a research study.This analysis includes all dependents and independent variables and should include means,standard deviations,and range of scores.The descriptive analysis should also indicate whether there is missing data and present a plan to report how much data is missing.

Distinguish between a type I error rate and a type II error rate in quantitative research.

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A type I error rate is also called a false positive.This occurs when researchers risk stating that a relationship exists between the variable,when there is not a relationship.A type II error rate is also called a false negative.This occurs when researchers risk stating that there is no relationship,when there is actually a relationship or association.

Researchers should rely on past studies to estimate their proposed sample size.

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Distinguish between a survey and experimental design in quantitative research.

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Quantitative data collected at one point in time within the survey design is cross-sectional.

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Describe and differentiate between internal and external threats to validity in an experimental design.Recommend at least one action that you or any researcher can take in response to both internal and external validity threats.

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Which type of validity has become the overriding objective in validity?

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