Question 1

What does actively transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration require?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrostatic pressure 
B)  Osmotic pressure 
C)  Blood pressure 
D)  Pulse pressure 
A)  Hydrostatic pressure 
B)  Osmotic pressure 
C)  Blood pressure 
D)  Pulse pressure A

Question 2

A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient.The nurse is aware that this condition is a result of retained fluid.What is the patient considered to be?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyponatremic 
B)  Hypokalemic 
C)  Hypernatremic 
D)  Hypercalcemic 
A)  Hyponatremic 
B)  Hypokalemic 
C)  Hypernatremic 
D)  Hypercalcemic C

Question 3

When administering intravenous (IV)fluids,the nurse ensures that the IV fluids are infusing as ordered to prevent dehydration in an adult.When could dehydration become lethal?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the patient loses 5% of body fluid 
B)  If the patient loses 10% of body fluid 
C)  If the patient loses 15% of body fluid 
D)  If the patient loses 20% of body fluid 
A)  If the patient loses 5% of body fluid 
B)  If the patient loses 10% of body fluid 
C)  If the patient loses 15% of body fluid 
D)  If the patient loses 20% of body fluid D

Question 4

The nurse weighs a patient at the same time of day with the same scale and same clothing.What is this a simple and accurate method of determining?

Accepted Answer

A)  An accurate weight 
B)  Water balance 
C)  Adequate nutrition 
D)  Urinary output 
A)  An accurate weight 
B)  Water balance 
C)  Adequate nutrition 
D)  Urinary output

Question 5

What should the nurse focus on when creating a nursing care plan for a patient with metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frequent periods of ambulation 
B)  Increasing fluid intake 
C)  Decreasing fluid intake 
D)  Deep-breathing exercises 
A)  Frequent periods of ambulation 
B)  Increasing fluid intake 
C)  Decreasing fluid intake 
D)  Deep-breathing exercises

Question 6

The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of meat and legumes.What level will this help to increase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium 
B)  Chloride 
C)  Magnesium 
D)  Phosphorus 
A)  Potassium 
B)  Chloride 
C)  Magnesium 
D)  Phosphorus

Question 7

The nurse is educating a patient regarding the need to avoid foods high in potassium.What food choices led the nurse to conclude that teaching was not effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Apples and green beans 
B)  Kiwis and onions 
C)  Apricots and asparagus 
D)  Grapes and lima beans 
A)  Apples and green beans 
B)  Kiwis and onions 
C)  Apricots and asparagus 
D)  Grapes and lima beans

Question 8

What are the three buffer systems of the body? (Select all that apply. )

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicarbonate/carbonic acid system 
B)  Respiratory system 
C)  Renal system 
D)  GI system 
E)  Integumentary system 
A)  Bicarbonate/carbonic acid system 
B)  Respiratory system 
C)  Renal system 
D)  GI system 
E)  Integumentary system

Question 9

What percentage of an adult's body weight consists of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  10% to 20% 
B)  30% to 40% 
C)  50% to 60% 
D)  70% to 80% 
A)  10% to 20% 
B)  30% to 40% 
C)  50% to 60% 
D)  70% to 80%

Question 10

What should the nurse expect when assessing a patient with respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow respirations 
B)  Muscle weakness 
C)  Strong,even heart rate 
D)  Flushed face 
A)  Slow respirations 
B)  Muscle weakness 
C)  Strong,even heart rate 
D)  Flushed face

Question 11

The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined.What do they combine to form?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intercellular compartment 
B)  Circulating compartment 
C)  Vertical compartment 
D)  Extracellular compartment 
A)  Intercellular compartment 
B)  Circulating compartment 
C)  Vertical compartment 
D)  Extracellular compartment

Question 12

A child has been having an asthma attack for the last 8 hours.Because of the child's inability to exhale effectively,the nurse assesses for respiratory __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child has been having an asthma...

Question 13

Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body.The location of electrolytes is important for maintaining homeostasis.Sodium is the major electrolyte in which fluid compartment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intracellular 
B)  Intravascular 
C)  Extracellular 
D)  Interstitial 
A)  Intracellular 
B)  Intravascular 
C)  Extracellular 
D)  Interstitial

Question 14

When a patient takes substances into the body,they first enter the extracellular compartment.What must the substances enter to carry out their function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Horizontal compartment 
B)  Intracellular compartment 
C)  Compartmental 
D)  Vertical compartment 
A)  Horizontal compartment 
B)  Intracellular compartment 
C)  Compartmental 
D)  Vertical compartment

Question 15

The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space.What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diffusion 
B)  Filtration 
C)  Osmosis 
D)  Homeostasis 
A)  Diffusion 
B)  Filtration 
C)  Osmosis 
D)  Homeostasis

Question 16

What is the method by which inhaled oxygen is moved into the intravascular compartment called?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active transport 
B)  Oxygenation 
C)  Passive transport 
D)  Mass movement 
A)  Active transport 
B)  Oxygenation 
C)  Passive transport 
D)  Mass movement

Question 17

Electrolytes are not measured by weight;their chemical activity is expressed in milliequivalents.What does 1 mEq of potassium have the same combining power as?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 mEq of nitrogen 
B)  1 mEq of oxygen 
C)  1 mEq of hydrogen 
D)  1 mEq of magnesium 
A)  1 mEq of nitrogen 
B)  1 mEq of oxygen 
C)  1 mEq of hydrogen 
D)  1 mEq of magnesium

Question 18

Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid.What is this ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  1:5 
B)  1:10 
C)  1:15 
D)  1:20 
A)  1:5 
B)  1:10 
C)  1:15 
D)  1:20

Question 19

The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis.What is the recommended daily amount of fluid for an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  1000 mL 
B)  1500 mL 
C)  2050 mL 
D)  2500 mL 
A)  1000 mL 
B)  1500 mL 
C)  2050 mL 
D)  2500 mL

Question 20

When reading the laboratory report of a patient with excessive diarrhea,the nurse notes that the pH is 7.10,and the PaCO2 and the PaO2 are normal.What should the nurse recognize as this patient's state from this information alone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Metabolic acidosis 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis 
D)  Metabolic alkalosis 
A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Metabolic acidosis 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis 
D)  Metabolic alkalosis

Exam 18: Fluids and Electrolytes

What does actively transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration require?

A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient.The nurse is aware that this condition is a result of retained fluid.What is the patient considered to be?

When administering intravenous (IV)fluids,the nurse ensures that the IV fluids are infusing as ordered to prevent dehydration in an adult.When could dehydration become lethal?

The nurse weighs a patient at the same time of day with the same scale and same clothing.What is this a simple and accurate method of determining?

What should the nurse focus on when creating a nursing care plan for a patient with metabolic acidosis?

The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of meat and legumes.What level will this help to increase?

The nurse is educating a patient regarding the need to avoid foods high in potassium.What food choices led the nurse to conclude that teaching was not effective?

What are the three buffer systems of the body? (Select all that apply. )

What percentage of an adult's body weight consists of water?

What should the nurse expect when assessing a patient with respiratory alkalosis?

The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined.What do they combine to form?

A child has been having an asthma attack for the last 8 hours.Because of the child's inability to exhale effectively,the nurse assesses for respiratory __________.

Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body.The location of electrolytes is important for maintaining homeostasis.Sodium is the major electrolyte in which fluid compartment?

When a patient takes substances into the body,they first enter the extracellular compartment.What must the substances enter to carry out their function?

The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space.What is this process called?

What is the method by which inhaled oxygen is moved into the intravascular compartment called?

Electrolytes are not measured by weight;their chemical activity is expressed in milliequivalents.What does 1 mEq of potassium have the same combining power as?

Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid.What is this ratio?

The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis.What is the recommended daily amount of fluid for an adult?

When reading the laboratory report of a patient with excessive diarrhea,the nurse notes that the pH is 7.10,and the PaCO2 and the PaO2 are normal.What should the nurse recognize as this patient's state from this information alone?

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When reading the laboratory report of a patient with excessive diarrhea,the nurse notes that the pH is 7.10,and the PaCO₂ and the PaO₂ are normal.What should the nurse recognize as this patient's state from this information alone?