Exam 8: Respiratory System

Which of the following is considered a red flag when diagnosing a patient with pneumonia?

A 76-year-old patient with a 200-pack year smoking history presents with complaints of chronic cough, dyspnea, fatigue, hemoptysis, and weight loss over the past 2 months. The physical examination reveals decreased breath sounds and dullness to percussion over the left lower lung field. The chest x-ray demonstrates shift of the mediastinum and trachea to the left. These are classic signs of:

A 24-year-old patient presents to the emergency department after sustaining multiple traumatic injuries after a motorcycle accident. On examination you note tachypnea, use of intercostal muscles to breathe, asymmetric chest expansion, and no breath sounds over the left lower lobe. It is most important to suspect:

A cough is described as chronic if it has been present for:

Which of the following is characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

The following criterion is considered a positive finding when determining whether a patient with pneumonia can be safely monitored and treated at home:

Your patient has just returned from a 6-month missionary trip to Southeast Asia. He reports unremitting cough, hemoptysis, and an unintentional weight loss of 10 pounds over the last month. These symptoms should prompt the clinician to suspect:

While assessing auscultated spoken sounds, the auscultated sound is heard as "a-a-a" when the patient is asked to repeat "e-e-e." This is indicative of:

During physical examination of a patient, you note resonance on percussion in the upper lung fields. This is consistent with:

Which of the following imaging studies should be considered if a pulmonary malignancy is suspected?

The most common etiological organism for community-acquired pneumonia is:

Your patient with community-acquired pneumonia shows a pleural effusion on chest x-ray, indicating the need for:

Which of the following medications are commonly associated with the side effect of cough?

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency should be considered in patients diagnosed with:

If on physical examination the clinician auscultates rhonchi, the clinician should ask the patient to take a deep breath and cough in order to:

When asthma is suspected, which of the following is not useful in making a diagnosis?

Patients with pulmonary fibrosis show decreased lung tissue compliance and diminished forced vital capacity. Pulmonary fibrosis is a type of:

A 75-year-old patient with community-acquired pneumonia presents with a temperature of 102.1°F, chills, productive cough, blood pressure 90/62, respiratory rate 28, white blood count 12,000, and blood urea nitrogen 20 mg/dl. He has a history of mild dementia and his mental status is unchanged from his last visit. These findings indicate that the patient:

A 23-year-old patient who has had bronchiectasis since childhood is likely to have which of the following?

Causes of pleural effusions include all of the following except: