Exam 9: The Biomechanics of the Human Spine

Choose the term that describes the complete bilateral fracture of the pars interarticularis,resulting in the anterior slippage of the vertebra.

To minimize postural adaptations,a back pack load should be as high as possible near the shoulders.

Which of the following vertebral regions has the best range of motion?

Transverse or spinous process fractures may result from which of the following?

The major extensor and hyperextensor of the trunk is the ________ ________ muscle group.

The term "slipped disc" is often used to describe a ________ disc.

What is the most common type of vertebral fracture?

Which abdominal muscles cause rotation to the left?

Which type of exaggerated curve is often caused by osteoporosis?

What action(s)do posterior trunk muscles cause when they contract unilaterally?

Two adjacent vertebrae and the associated soft tissues form a ________ ________,the functional unit of the spine.

In anatomical position,where is the center of gravity located relative to the spine?

Choose the term that describes an extreme thoracic curvature.

From superior to inferior,there are 7 ________ vertebrae,12 ________ vertebrae,5 ________ vertebrae,5 ________ vertebrae,and 4 ________ vertebrae.

Which of the following spinal curves are referred to as primary curves?

Choose the term that describes the colloidal gel with a high fluid content,located inside the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc.

Unusually high incidences of pars interarticularis fractures have been documented in which of the following groups of athletes?

A typical geriatric disc has a fluid content that is reduced by approximately how much?

Which of the following helps the spine absorb shock?

Choose the term that describes the curves that do not develop until the weight of the body begins to be supported in sitting and standing positions.