Question 1

The greatest determinant of peripheral resistance to blood flow is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the radius of the vessels. 
B)  the viscosity of the blood. 
C)  the compliance of the vessels. 
D)  the distance of the vessels from the heart. 
A)  the radius of the vessels. 
B)  the viscosity of the blood. 
C)  the compliance of the vessels. 
D)  the distance of the vessels from the heart. A

Question 2

Which of the following make up the peripheral component of afterload?
1) The radius of the vessels
2) The length of the vessels
3) The viscosity of the blood
4) The elasticity or compliance of the vessels

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 
B) 2 and 3 
C) 2 and 4 
D) 1, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 3 
B) 2 and 3 
C) 2 and 4 
D) 1, 3, and 4 D

Question 3

Bradycardia in an adult is defined as a heart rate less than _____ beats/min.

Accepted Answer

A)  50 
B)  60 
C)  100 
D)  120 
A)  50 
B)  60 
C)  100 
D)  120 B

Question 4

When ventricular function curves are performed on a patient with a suspected failing right ventricle, how does cardiac output typically change as central venous pressure increases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiac output increases at first and then stays flat. 
B)  Cardiac output increases at first and then decreases. 
C)  Cardiac output decreases at first and then stays flat. 
D)  Cardiac output decreases at first and then increases. 
A)  Cardiac output increases at first and then stays flat. 
B)  Cardiac output increases at first and then decreases. 
C)  Cardiac output decreases at first and then stays flat. 
D)  Cardiac output decreases at first and then increases.

Question 5

The periodic, noninvasive measurement of cardiac performance that requires only the use of a sphygmomanometer is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  echocardiography. 
B)  electrical bioimpedance. 
C)  pulse contour cardiac output monitoring. 
D)  pulse pressure. 
A)  echocardiography. 
B)  electrical bioimpedance. 
C)  pulse contour cardiac output monitoring. 
D)  pulse pressure.

Question 6

When the Fick method is used to calculate cardiac output, if C(a - v)O2 is greater than expected and VO2 is normal, cardiac output probably will be:

Accepted Answer

A)  normal. 
B)  less than expected. 
C)  greater than expected. 
D)  unknown-insufficient information is available to answer the question. 
A)  normal. 
B)  less than expected. 
C)  greater than expected. 
D)  unknown-insufficient information is available to answer the question.

Question 7

Why has use of the pulmonary artery catheter diminished in many ICUs?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is expensive. 
B)  It is difficult to place. 
C)  Patients complain about the discomfort. 
D)  Some experts believe it increases death rates. 
A)  It is expensive. 
B)  It is difficult to place. 
C)  Patients complain about the discomfort. 
D)  Some experts believe it increases death rates.

Question 8

Blood flow is directed to organs that have the highest metabolic needs when at rest. Which of the following organs would have the lowest metabolic needs when at rest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heart 
B)  Liver 
C)  Muscles 
D)  Kidneys 
A)  Heart 
B)  Liver 
C)  Muscles 
D)  Kidneys

Question 9

The filling pressure of the left heart is also known as the _____ pressure.

Accepted Answer

A)  Starling 
B)  central venous 
C)  ventricular filling 
D)  pulmonary capillary wedge 
A)  Starling 
B)  central venous 
C)  ventricular filling 
D)  pulmonary capillary wedge

Question 10

Which of the following can cause an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance?
1) Exercise
2) Acidosis
3) Hypoxemia
4) Release of histamine because of allergic response

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 1, 2, and 4 
D) 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 2 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 1, 2, and 4 
D) 2, 3, and 4

Question 11

In patients with pulmonary hypertension, the right ventricular stroke work index will be:

Accepted Answer

A)  less than normal. 
B)  the same as normal. 
C)  greater than normal. 
D)  equal to the left ventricular stroke work index. 
A)  less than normal. 
B)  the same as normal. 
C)  greater than normal. 
D)  equal to the left ventricular stroke work index.

Question 12

Which of the following is used to determine the afterload of the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiac output 
B)  Pulmonary artery pressure 
C)  Pulmonary vascular resistance 
D)  Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 
A)  Cardiac output 
B)  Pulmonary artery pressure 
C)  Pulmonary vascular resistance 
D)  Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Question 13

When ventricular function curves are performed on a patient with a suspected failing left ventricle, how does cardiac output typically change as the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiac output increases at first and then stays flat. 
B)  Cardiac output increases at first and then decreases. 
C)  Cardiac output decreases at first and then stays flat. 
D)  Cardiac output decreases at first and then increases. 
A)  Cardiac output increases at first and then stays flat. 
B)  Cardiac output increases at first and then decreases. 
C)  Cardiac output decreases at first and then stays flat. 
D)  Cardiac output decreases at first and then increases.

Question 14

Approximately how much blood can be lost before circulatory function and pressures are affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  5% 
B)  15% 
C)  25% 
D)  35% 
A)  5% 
B)  15% 
C)  25% 
D)  35%

Question 15

To standardize the measurement of cardiac output in individuals of different sizes, the value for cardiac output is divided by the person's body surface area. The result is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac work. 
B)  the cardiac index. 
C)  the standardized cardiac output. 
D)  the cardiac end-systolic volume. 
A)  cardiac work. 
B)  the cardiac index. 
C)  the standardized cardiac output. 
D)  the cardiac end-systolic volume.

Question 16

Which of the following may cause a decrease in ventricular compliance?
1) Inotropic drugs
2) Vasodilator drugs
3) Myocardial infarction
4) Positive end-expiratory pressure

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 
B) 2 and 3 
C) 1, 2, and 4 
D) 1, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 3 
B) 2 and 3 
C) 1, 2, and 4 
D) 1, 3, and 4

Question 17

At rest, approximately 64% of the total blood volume is stored in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  liver. 
B)  lungs. 
C)  extremities. 
D)  venous system. 
A)  liver. 
B)  lungs. 
C)  extremities. 
D)  venous system.

Question 18

Which of the following has a direct effect on stroke volume?
1) Preload
2) Heart rate
3) Afterload
4) Contractility

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 
B) 2 and 3 
C) 1, 2, and 4 
D) 1, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 3 
B) 2 and 3 
C) 1, 2, and 4 
D) 1, 3, and 4

Question 19

Which of the following is used in continuous cardiac output monitoring?
1) Echocardiography
2) Doppler ultrasound
3) Pulse contour cardiac output monitoring
4) Thermal dilution

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 1, 2, and 4 
D) 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 2 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 1, 2, and 4 
D) 2, 3, and 4

Question 20

At rest, approximately what percentage of total blood volume is stored in the venous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  16% 
B)  32% 
C)  48% 
D)  64% 
A)  16% 
B)  32% 
C)  48% 
D)  64%

Exam 16: Assessment of Hemodynamic Pressures

The greatest determinant of peripheral resistance to blood flow is:

Which of the following make up the peripheral component of afterload? 1) The radius of the vessels 2) The length of the vessels 3) The viscosity of the blood 4) The elasticity or compliance of the vessels

Bradycardia in an adult is defined as a heart rate less than _____ beats/min.

When ventricular function curves are performed on a patient with a suspected failing right ventricle, how does cardiac output typically change as central venous pressure increases?

The periodic, noninvasive measurement of cardiac performance that requires only the use of a sphygmomanometer is called:

When the Fick method is used to calculate cardiac output, if C(a - v)O2 is greater than expected and VO2 is normal, cardiac output probably will be:

Why has use of the pulmonary artery catheter diminished in many ICUs?

Blood flow is directed to organs that have the highest metabolic needs when at rest. Which of the following organs would have the lowest metabolic needs when at rest?

The filling pressure of the left heart is also known as the _____ pressure.

Which of the following can cause an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance? 1) Exercise 2) Acidosis 3) Hypoxemia 4) Release of histamine because of allergic response

In patients with pulmonary hypertension, the right ventricular stroke work index will be:

Which of the following is used to determine the afterload of the right ventricle?

When ventricular function curves are performed on a patient with a suspected failing left ventricle, how does cardiac output typically change as the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increases?

Approximately how much blood can be lost before circulatory function and pressures are affected?

To standardize the measurement of cardiac output in individuals of different sizes, the value for cardiac output is divided by the person's body surface area. The result is known as:

Which of the following may cause a decrease in ventricular compliance? 1) Inotropic drugs 2) Vasodilator drugs 3) Myocardial infarction 4) Positive end-expiratory pressure

At rest, approximately 64% of the total blood volume is stored in the:

Which of the following has a direct effect on stroke volume? 1) Preload 2) Heart rate 3) Afterload 4) Contractility

Which of the following is used in continuous cardiac output monitoring? 1) Echocardiography 2) Doppler ultrasound 3) Pulse contour cardiac output monitoring 4) Thermal dilution

At rest, approximately what percentage of total blood volume is stored in the venous system?

Preparing for the Patient Encounter

The Medical History and the Interview

Cardiopulmonary Symptoms

Vital Signs

Fundamentals of Physical Examination

Neurologic Assessment of the Respiratory Care Patient

Clinical Laboratory Studies

Interpretation of Blood Gases

Pulmonary Function Testing

Clinical Application of the Chest Radiograph

Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram

Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient

Assessment of the Older Patient

Respiratory Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit

Assessment of Cardiac Output

Flexible Fiber-Optic Bronchoscopy

Nutritional Assessment of Patients With Respiratory Disease

Assessment of Sleep and Breathing

Assessment of the Home Care Patient

Documentation of the Patient Assessment

Filters

When the Fick method is used to calculate cardiac output, if C(a - v)O₂ is greater than expected and VO₂ is normal, cardiac output probably will be: