Question 1

__________is also termed as modeling.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gender-typing 
B)  Social cognition 
C)  Observational learning 
D)  Self-actualization 
A)  Gender-typing 
B)  Social cognition 
C)  Observational learning 
D)  Self-actualization

Question 2

Alfred Adler's individual psychology focuses on:

Accepted Answer

A)  the role of collective unconscious and archetypes in the formation of personality. 
B)  the role of feelings of inferiority and the creative self in the formation of personality. 
C)  personality characteristics that were generally presumed to be embedded in the nervous system. 
D)  learning by observation and on the cognitive processes that underlie personal differences. 
A)  the role of collective unconscious and archetypes in the formation of personality. 
B)  the role of feelings of inferiority and the creative self in the formation of personality. 
C)  personality characteristics that were generally presumed to be embedded in the nervous system. 
D)  learning by observation and on the cognitive processes that underlie personal differences.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of collectivists?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more likely to conform to group judgments. 
B)  They are unable to resist personal temptations to do their duty. 
C)  They do not identify themselves in terms of their families or gender. 
D)  They define themselves in terms of their personal identities. 
A)  They are more likely to conform to group judgments. 
B)  They are unable to resist personal temptations to do their duty. 
C)  They do not identify themselves in terms of their families or gender. 
D)  They define themselves in terms of their personal identities.

Question 4

In the context of social cognitive theory, examples of situational variables include:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-regulatory systems. 
B)  ways of interpreting experience. 
C)  rewards and punishments. 
D)  knowledge and skills. 
A)  self-regulatory systems. 
B)  ways of interpreting experience. 
C)  rewards and punishments. 
D)  knowledge and skills.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the trait theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes. 
B)  It focuses on describing traits rather than on tracing their origins. 
C)  It seeks to modify maladaptive personality traits. 
D)  It does not rely on personality tests. 
A)  It emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes. 
B)  It focuses on describing traits rather than on tracing their origins. 
C)  It seeks to modify maladaptive personality traits. 
D)  It does not rely on personality tests.

Question 6

Alfred Adler believed that people are motivated by the collective unconscious.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

According to Freud, the__________represents biological drives and is entirely unconscious.

Accepted Answer

A)  ego 
B)  superego 
C)  preconscious mind 
D)  id 
A)  ego 
B)  superego 
C)  preconscious mind 
D)  id

Question 8

In the context of measurement of personality, which of the following is a characteristic of objective tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  They allow the respondents a wide range of responses. 
B)  They typically do not have true and false format of questions. 
C)  They present the respondents with questions that do not have clear specified answers. 
D)  They present respondents with a standardized group of test items. 
A)  They allow the respondents a wide range of responses. 
B)  They typically do not have true and false format of questions. 
C)  They present the respondents with questions that do not have clear specified answers. 
D)  They present respondents with a standardized group of test items.

Question 9

__________are beliefs that we can accomplish certain things.

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-concept expectations 
B)  Self-esteem expectations 
C)  Self-efficacy expectations 
D)  Self-actualization expectations 
A)  Self-concept expectations 
B)  Self-esteem expectations 
C)  Self-efficacy expectations 
D)  Self-actualization expectations

Question 10

Chris, a high school student, is looking up the profiles of various colleges to make a decision about which one he wants to attend. Being a confident person, he believes that he will do well at a prestigious university. His belief in his success is called _____ by social cognitive theorists.

Accepted Answer

A)  defense mechanism 
B)  self-efficacy expectations 
C)  modeling 
D)  existentialism 
A)  defense mechanism 
B)  self-efficacy expectations 
C)  modeling 
D)  existentialism

Question 11

The reliability of a test refers to the stability of one's test results from one testing to another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Parents help children develop conditions of worth when they show them unconditional positive regard.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

When introducing himself to new people, Aaron says that he is catholic, Argentinean, and a grandfather of three. According to the sociocultural perspective on personality, Aaron is a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  collectivist 
B)  individualist 
C)  impressionist 
D)  neo-impressionist 
A)  collectivist 
B)  individualist 
C)  impressionist 
D)  neo-impressionist

Question 14

In the context of measurement of personality, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The reliability of tests is usually assessed by comparing test results to external criteria or standards. 
B)  A reliable IQ test does not usually provide scores during childhood that remain reasonably similar in adolescence and adulthood. 
C)  The intellectual functioning of an individual cannot be assessed without relating it to other people in the same age group. 
D)  The validity of personality tests cannot be assessed by comparing test results to external criteria or standards. 
A)  The reliability of tests is usually assessed by comparing test results to external criteria or standards. 
B)  A reliable IQ test does not usually provide scores during childhood that remain reasonably similar in adolescence and adulthood. 
C)  The intellectual functioning of an individual cannot be assessed without relating it to other people in the same age group. 
D)  The validity of personality tests cannot be assessed by comparing test results to external criteria or standards.

Question 15

In the context of the five-factor model, which of the following traits are characteristic of neuroticism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Talkativeness, assertiveness, and activity 
B)  Kindness, trust, and warmth 
C)  Organization, thoroughness, and reliability 
D)  Nervousness, moodiness, and sensitivity to negative stimuli 
A)  Talkativeness, assertiveness, and activity 
B)  Kindness, trust, and warmth 
C)  Organization, thoroughness, and reliability 
D)  Nervousness, moodiness, and sensitivity to negative stimuli

Question 16

The preconscious mind contains ideas that are out of awareness but can be made conscious by focusing on them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

__________tend to define themselves in terms of their personal identities and to give priority to their personal goals.

Accepted Answer

A)  Individualists 
B)  Humanists 
C)  Behaviorists 
D)  Collectivists 
A)  Individualists 
B)  Humanists 
C)  Behaviorists 
D)  Collectivists

Question 18

Observational learning is one of the foundations of__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic theory 
B)  social cognitive theory 
C)  humanistic-existential theory 
D)  self theory 
A)  psychodynamic theory 
B)  social cognitive theory 
C)  humanistic-existential theory 
D)  self theory

Question 19

One of the similarities between views of Karen Horney and Erik Erikson is that both believed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  all of us encounter some feelings of inferiority because of our small size as children, and that these feelings give rise to a drive for superiority. 
B)  we not only have a personal unconscious that contains repressed memories, but also a collective unconscious that reflects the history of our species. 
C)  women who seek to compete with men in the business world are suffering from unconscious penis envy. 
D)  social relationships (such as that between a parent and child) are more important determinants of personality than sexual urges. 
A)  all of us encounter some feelings of inferiority because of our small size as children, and that these feelings give rise to a drive for superiority. 
B)  we not only have a personal unconscious that contains repressed memories, but also a collective unconscious that reflects the history of our species. 
C)  women who seek to compete with men in the business world are suffering from unconscious penis envy. 
D)  social relationships (such as that between a parent and child) are more important determinants of personality than sexual urges.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of social cognitive theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It focuses on observable behavior and the situations in which behavior occurs. 
B)  It focuses on learning by observation. 
C)  It does consider personal variables to be important to understand people. 
D)  It does not see people as influencing their environment. 
A)  It focuses on observable behavior and the situations in which behavior occurs. 
B)  It focuses on learning by observation. 
C)  It does consider personal variables to be important to understand people. 
D)  It does not see people as influencing their environment.

__________is also termed as modeling.

Alfred Adler's individual psychology focuses on:

Which of the following is true of collectivists?

In the context of social cognitive theory, examples of situational variables include:

Which of the following is true of the trait theory?

Alfred Adler believed that people are motivated by the collective unconscious.

According to Freud, the__________represents biological drives and is entirely unconscious.

In the context of measurement of personality, which of the following is a characteristic of objective tests?

__________are beliefs that we can accomplish certain things.

Chris, a high school student, is looking up the profiles of various colleges to make a decision about which one he wants to attend. Being a confident person, he believes that he will do well at a prestigious university. His belief in his success is called _____ by social cognitive theorists.

The reliability of a test refers to the stability of one's test results from one testing to another.

Parents help children develop conditions of worth when they show them unconditional positive regard.

When introducing himself to new people, Aaron says that he is catholic, Argentinean, and a grandfather of three. According to the sociocultural perspective on personality, Aaron is a(n) _____.

In the context of measurement of personality, which of the following statements is true?

In the context of the five-factor model, which of the following traits are characteristic of neuroticism?

The preconscious mind contains ideas that are out of awareness but can be made conscious by focusing on them.

__________tend to define themselves in terms of their personal identities and to give priority to their personal goals.

Observational learning is one of the foundations of__________.

One of the similarities between views of Karen Horney and Erik Erikson is that both believed that:

Which of the following is true of social cognitive theory?

What Is Psychology

Biology and Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory: Remembrance of Things Pastand Future

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

The Voyage Through the Life Span

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Methods of Therapy

Social Psychology

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Exam 10: Personality: Theory and Measurement

__________is also termed as modeling.

Alfred Adler's individual psychology focuses on:

Which of the following is true of collectivists?

In the context of social cognitive theory, examples of situational variables include:

Which of the following is true of the trait theory?

Alfred Adler believed that people are motivated by the collective unconscious.

According to Freud, the__________represents biological drives and is entirely unconscious.

In the context of measurement of personality, which of the following is a characteristic of objective tests?

__________are beliefs that we can accomplish certain things.

Chris, a high school student, is looking up the profiles of various colleges to make a decision about which one he wants to attend. Being a confident person, he believes that he will do well at a prestigious university. His belief in his success is called _____ by social cognitive theorists.

The reliability of a test refers to the stability of one's test results from one testing to another.

Parents help children develop conditions of worth when they show them unconditional positive regard.

When introducing himself to new people, Aaron says that he is catholic, Argentinean, and a grandfather of three. According to the sociocultural perspective on personality, Aaron is a(n) _____.

In the context of measurement of personality, which of the following statements is true?

In the context of the five-factor model, which of the following traits are characteristic of neuroticism?

The preconscious mind contains ideas that are out of awareness but can be made conscious by focusing on them.

__________tend to define themselves in terms of their personal identities and to give priority to their personal goals.

Observational learning is one of the foundations of__________.

One of the similarities between views of Karen Horney and Erik Erikson is that both believed that:

Which of the following is true of social cognitive theory?

What Is Psychology

Biology and Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory: Remembrance of Things Pastand Future

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

The Voyage Through the Life Span

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Methods of Therapy

Social Psychology

Filters