Exam 4: Genetics and Evolution

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The major sources of variability in a population are genetic variation, environmental factors, and random mutations.

Genetic variation occurs through the process of sexual reproduction, where offspring inherit a unique combination of genes from their parents. This variation can lead to differences in physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases within a population. Over time, genetic variation can lead to the formation of new species through the process of natural selection.

Environmental factors, such as climate, food availability, and habitat, can also contribute to variability within a population. Individuals within a population may be exposed to different environmental conditions, leading to differences in traits and behaviors. This can result in adaptation to specific environmental conditions, as individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Random mutations are another source of variability, occurring when errors occur during DNA replication or as a result of exposure to mutagenic agents such as radiation or chemicals. Mutations can lead to new traits or variations in existing traits, which can then be passed on to future generations.

Each of these sources of variability operates to produce modifications in a population by introducing differences among individuals. These differences can then be acted upon by natural selection, where individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, this can lead to changes in the frequency of certain traits within a population, ultimately leading to the evolution of new species.