Exam 3: Operational Skills: Performing Within The Law

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The landmark case that addressed the issue of police use of deadly force was

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Massachusetts v.Sheppard established that if police were relying on a search warrant that had been approved by a magistrate but later declared invalid,any evidence seized during that search is inadmissible at trial.

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List the less-lethal weapon options and the various advantages and disadvantages of each.

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Less-lethal weapon options include pepper spray, tasers, bean bag rounds, rubber bullets, and stun guns.

Pepper spray is a popular less-lethal option because it is easy to carry and use, and it can quickly incapacitate an attacker. However, it requires close proximity to the target and can be affected by wind.

Tasers are effective at incapacitating a target from a distance, but they require proper training to use effectively and can be expensive.

Bean bag rounds and rubber bullets are less-lethal options used by law enforcement for crowd control. They can cause pain and incapacitate a target, but they also have the potential to cause serious injury if not used properly.

Stun guns are another less-lethal option that can incapacitate a target through an electric shock. However, they require close proximity to the target and may not be effective on individuals under the influence of drugs or alcohol.

Each less-lethal weapon option has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of which to use will depend on the specific situation and the level of force required. It is important for individuals and law enforcement personnel to receive proper training in the use of less-lethal weapons to ensure their effectiveness and minimize the risk of injury.

If officers are performing their duties and come across evidence or contraband that is easily seen-that is,it is in plain view-they may seize it without a warrant.

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Guarantees against unlawful searches and seizures and arrests are found in

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Many law enforcement agencies have a policy called the __________ ____________ _____________,stating that all persons arrested and transported shall be handcuffed.

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Illegal arrests may taint crucial evidence of guilt.

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MATCHING Each item may be matched only once. Select the best match. -case that held evidence obtained from illegal searches and seizures is inadmissible in federal court,no matter how relevant

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Except in the case of a Terry stop,an officer's probable cause to conduct an arrest depends on

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The Supreme Court has held that 15 to 20 seconds is a reasonable amount of time between an officer's knock and announcement of a search warrant and actual forced entry.

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A house and the area immediately surrounding it,called the ________________,cannot be searched without a warrant.

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MATCHING Each item may be matched only once. Select the best match. -case in which the Court ruled police cannot shoot fleeing felons unless they present an "imminent danger to life"

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The __________ was created as an exception to the exclusionary rule to allow evidence to be admissible when it can be shown the evidence would have been found through lawful means.

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The common meaning of _______________ is simply "to stop."

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The three main exceptions to the exclusionary rule include each of the following except

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MATCHING Each item may be matched only once. Select the best match. -case that established that a frisk that goes beyond that authorized by Terry is invalid

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In __________ v._________ ,the Supreme Court ruled that police may properly request a person's name in a Terry-type stop.

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If officers are not aware they are violating someone's constitutional rights,they are said to be acting

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MATCHING Each item may be matched only once. Select the best match. -deals with what behaviors are considered crimes,including the elements of crimes and the punishments for each crime

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The use of force is not a significant obstacle to the community policing philosophy.

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