Question 1

What is the difference between a strike- slip fault and a dip- slip fault?

Accepted Answer

In a strike- slip fault, displacement is mostly horizontal, parallel to the strike of the fault plane. Strike- slip faults are caused by shearing stress. In a dip- slip fault, displacement is mostly vertical, parallel to the dip of the fault plane. Dip- slip faults are caused by compressive or tensional stress.

Question 2

In geology, the term "stress" refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  compression of a rock unit. 
B)  any deformation of a rock unit. 
C)  forces that might cause deformation of a rock unit. 
D)  stretching of a rock unit. 
A)  compression of a rock unit. 
B)  any deformation of a rock unit. 
C)  forces that might cause deformation of a rock unit. 
D)  stretching of a rock unit. C

Question 3

How can geologists determine the type and direction of stress from the orientation of folds and direction of slip in faults?

Accepted Answer

Folds are always caused by compressive stress. The direction of stress is perpendicular to the axial plane. Faults can be caused by any of the three types of stress, but specific types of faults are caused by specific types of stress. Normal faults are caused by tensional stress perpendicular to the fault plane. Reverse and thrust faults are caused by compressive stress perpendicular to the fault plane. Strike- slip faults are caused by shearing stress parallel to the direction of strike.

Question 4

All of the following statements about the history of folded rock are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  folds form in rocks composed of flexible minerals. 
B)  folds are typically associated with tension at divergent boundaries. 
C)  folds form in rocks that experienced high pressures and temperatures. 
D)  folds form in rocks that deformed very slowly. 
A)  folds form in rocks composed of flexible minerals. 
B)  folds are typically associated with tension at divergent boundaries. 
C)  folds form in rocks that experienced high pressures and temperatures. 
D)  folds form in rocks that deformed very slowly.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about rock deformation is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brittle failure is likely to occur in rocks under low- temperature and low- pressure conditions. 
B)  Plastic deformation is likely to occur rocks under low- temperature and low- pressure conditions. 
C)  Plastic deformation is likely to occur in rocks under high- temperature and high- pressure conditions. 
D)  Elastic deformation is likely to occur if rocks are stressed to only a very minor degree. 
A)  Brittle failure is likely to occur in rocks under low- temperature and low- pressure conditions. 
B)  Plastic deformation is likely to occur rocks under low- temperature and low- pressure conditions. 
C)  Plastic deformation is likely to occur in rocks under high- temperature and high- pressure conditions. 
D)  Elastic deformation is likely to occur if rocks are stressed to only a very minor degree.

Question 6

The type of fault most commonly found in transform plate boundaries is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  normal fault. 
B)  dip- slip fault. 
C)  reverse fault. 
D)  strike- slip fault. 
A)  normal fault. 
B)  dip- slip fault. 
C)  reverse fault. 
D)  strike- slip fault.

Question 7

Which one of the following rocks will most likely exhibit brittle failure upon stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wet shale. 
B)  Dry sandstone. 
C)  Wet schist. 
D)  Wet limestone. 
A)  Wet shale. 
B)  Dry sandstone. 
C)  Wet schist. 
D)  Wet limestone.

Question 8

Why do geologists consider it important to make strike- and- dip measurements on rocks?

Accepted Answer

By mapping hundreds of strike- and- dip

Question 9

Which of the following statements about folds is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Broad open synclines and anticlines are far more common than tightly folded ones in regions near convergent plate margins. 
B)  Synclines are concave, trough- like folds, and anticlines are convex, arch- like folds. 
C)  Folding produces alternating synclines and anticlines with adjacent folds sharing a common limb. 
D)  Overturned folds are caused by prolonged directed pressure on asymmetrical folds. 
A)  Broad open synclines and anticlines are far more common than tightly folded ones in regions near convergent plate margins. 
B)  Synclines are concave, trough- like folds, and anticlines are convex, arch- like folds. 
C)  Folding produces alternating synclines and anticlines with adjacent folds sharing a common limb. 
D)  Overturned folds are caused by prolonged directed pressure on asymmetrical folds.

Question 10

What are domes and basins? How do they form?

Accepted Answer

A dome is a subtle, oval- shaped bulge i

Question 11

A rock that undergoes sufficient stress to change its original shape has exceeded its:

Accepted Answer

A)  elastic limit. 
B)  plastic limit. 
C)  stress limit. 
D)  strain limit. 
A)  elastic limit. 
B)  plastic limit. 
C)  stress limit. 
D)  strain limit.

Question 12

Vertical displacement occurs in all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  strike- slip faults. 
B)  normal faults. 
C)  reverse faults. 
D)  thrust faults. 
A)  strike- slip faults. 
B)  normal faults. 
C)  reverse faults. 
D)  thrust faults.

Question 13

Why are anticlines and synclines not necessarily evident in the topography as hills and valleys?

Accepted Answer

Anticlines and synclines are structures

Question 14

Rocks subjected to relatively high temperatures are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  deform elastically rather than undergo brittle failure. 
B)  deform plastically rather than elastically. 
C)  undergo brittle failure rather than plastic deformation. 
D)  deform elastically rather than plastically. 
A)  deform elastically rather than undergo brittle failure. 
B)  deform plastically rather than elastically. 
C)  undergo brittle failure rather than plastic deformation. 
D)  deform elastically rather than plastically.

Question 15

Visible evidence of strain deformation is most readily seen in:

Accepted Answer

A)  sedimentary rocks. 
B)  metamorphic rocks. 
C)  igneous rocks. 
D)  equally in all rock types. 
A)  sedimentary rocks. 
B)  metamorphic rocks. 
C)  igneous rocks. 
D)  equally in all rock types.

Question 16

All of the following are evidence of brittle failure EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  joints. 
B)  faults. 
C)  fractures. 
D)  folds. 
A)  joints. 
B)  faults. 
C)  fractures. 
D)  folds.

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning stress is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shearing stress commonly exists at transform plate margins. 
B)  Compression, tension, and shearing stress are all capable of causing strain in rock units. 
C)  Tensional stress commonly exists at continental collision plate boundaries. 
D)  Compressive stress commonly exists at subducting plate boundaries. 
A)  Shearing stress commonly exists at transform plate margins. 
B)  Compression, tension, and shearing stress are all capable of causing strain in rock units. 
C)  Tensional stress commonly exists at continental collision plate boundaries. 
D)  Compressive stress commonly exists at subducting plate boundaries.

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning horsts and grabens is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Almost all faults produce either horsts or grabens. 
B)  Horsts result from normal faults, while grabens result from reverse faults. 
C)  Horsts and grabens are most commonly produced by compressional stress. 
D)  Grabens are fault blocks that dropped vertically relative to horsts. 
A)  Almost all faults produce either horsts or grabens. 
B)  Horsts result from normal faults, while grabens result from reverse faults. 
C)  Horsts and grabens are most commonly produced by compressional stress. 
D)  Grabens are fault blocks that dropped vertically relative to horsts.

Question 19

A region exhibiting symmetrical or open synclines and anticlines is more likely to be located:

Accepted Answer

A)  at the edges of mountain belts in areas that are relatively inactive tectonically. 
B)  near a transform plate boundary. 
C)  near a convergent plate boundary. 
D)  near a divergent plate boundary. 
A)  at the edges of mountain belts in areas that are relatively inactive tectonically. 
B)  near a transform plate boundary. 
C)  near a convergent plate boundary. 
D)  near a divergent plate boundary.

Question 20

What is the difference between reverse faults and thrust faults?

Accepted Answer

Reverse faults occur where powerful hori

What is the difference between a strike- slip fault and a dip- slip fault?

In geology, the term "stress" refers to:

How can geologists determine the type and direction of stress from the orientation of folds and direction of slip in faults?

All of the following statements about the history of folded rock are true EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements about rock deformation is NOT true?

The type of fault most commonly found in transform plate boundaries is a:

Which one of the following rocks will most likely exhibit brittle failure upon stress?

Why do geologists consider it important to make strike- and- dip measurements on rocks?

Which of the following statements about folds is NOT true?

What are domes and basins? How do they form?

A rock that undergoes sufficient stress to change its original shape has exceeded its:

Vertical displacement occurs in all of the following EXCEPT:

Why are anticlines and synclines not necessarily evident in the topography as hills and valleys?

Rocks subjected to relatively high temperatures are more likely to:

Visible evidence of strain deformation is most readily seen in:

All of the following are evidence of brittle failure EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements concerning stress is NOT true?

Which of the following statements concerning horsts and grabens is true?

A region exhibiting symmetrical or open synclines and anticlines is more likely to be located:

What is the difference between reverse faults and thrust faults?

A First Look at Planet Earth - Its Origins, Systems, and Tectonic Plates

Minerals

Igneous Rocks and Processes

Volcanoes and Volcanism

Weathering - the Breakdown of Rocks

Sedimentary Processes, Environments, and Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Telling Time Geologically

Earthquakes

The Earths Interior - Whats Going on Down There

Plate Tectonics and the Formation of the Earths Oceans

Continental Tectonics and the Formation of the Earths Continents

Mass Movement

Streams and Floods

Groundwater

Glaciers and Ice Ages

Deserts and the Work of Winds

Shores and Coastal Processes

Human Use of the Earths Resources Appendices Glossary

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Exam 9: Earth Structures - Folds, Faults, and Fabrics

What is the difference between a strike- slip fault and a dip- slip fault?

In geology, the term "stress" refers to:

How can geologists determine the type and direction of stress from the orientation of folds and direction of slip in faults?

All of the following statements about the history of folded rock are true EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements about rock deformation is NOT true?

The type of fault most commonly found in transform plate boundaries is a:

Which one of the following rocks will most likely exhibit brittle failure upon stress?

Why do geologists consider it important to make strike- and- dip measurements on rocks?

Which of the following statements about folds is NOT true?

What are domes and basins? How do they form?

A rock that undergoes sufficient stress to change its original shape has exceeded its:

Vertical displacement occurs in all of the following EXCEPT:

Why are anticlines and synclines not necessarily evident in the topography as hills and valleys?

Rocks subjected to relatively high temperatures are more likely to:

Visible evidence of strain deformation is most readily seen in:

All of the following are evidence of brittle failure EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements concerning stress is NOT true?

Which of the following statements concerning horsts and grabens is true?

A region exhibiting symmetrical or open synclines and anticlines is more likely to be located:

What is the difference between reverse faults and thrust faults?

A First Look at Planet Earth - Its Origins, Systems, and Tectonic Plates

Minerals

Igneous Rocks and Processes

Volcanoes and Volcanism

Weathering - the Breakdown of Rocks

Sedimentary Processes, Environments, and Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Telling Time Geologically

Earthquakes

The Earths Interior - Whats Going on Down There

Plate Tectonics and the Formation of the Earths Oceans

Continental Tectonics and the Formation of the Earths Continents

Mass Movement

Streams and Floods

Groundwater

Glaciers and Ice Ages

Deserts and the Work of Winds

Shores and Coastal Processes

Human Use of the Earths Resources Appendices Glossary

Filters