Question 1

A moral statement is a

Accepted Answer

A)  statement affirming that an action is bad or that a person is bad. 
B)  statement asserting a valid moral argument. 
C)  statement asserting that a state of affairs is actual (true or false) without assigning a moral value to it. 
D)  statement affirming that an action is right or wrong or that a person (or one's motive or character) is good or bad. 
A)  statement affirming that an action is bad or that a person is bad. 
B)  statement asserting a valid moral argument. 
C)  statement asserting that a state of affairs is actual (true or false) without assigning a moral value to it. 
D)  statement affirming that an action is right or wrong or that a person (or one's motive or character) is good or bad. D

Question 2

Name the form of the following argument: If p, then q. p. Therefore, q.

Accepted Answer

A)  modus tollens 
B)  hypothetical syllogism 
C)  modus ponens 
D)  reductio ad absurdum 
A)  modus tollens 
B)  hypothetical syllogism 
C)  modus ponens 
D)  reductio ad absurdum C

Question 3

Inductive arguments are

Accepted Answer

A)  intended to supplement deductive arguments. 
B)  intended to be abductive. 
C)  supposed to offer only probable support for their conclusions. 
D)  supposed to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions. 
A)  intended to supplement deductive arguments. 
B)  intended to be abductive. 
C)  supposed to offer only probable support for their conclusions. 
D)  supposed to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions. C

Question 4

A strong inductive argument with true premises is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  sound. 
B)  cogent. 
C)  valid. 
D)  invalid. 
A)  sound. 
B)  cogent. 
C)  valid. 
D)  invalid.

Question 5

What is the implicit premise in the following moral argument? "The war did not increase the amount of happiness in the world. So, the war was morally wrong."

Accepted Answer

A)  If a war is immoral, it must be considered morally wrong. 
B)  If a war does not increase the amount of peace in the world, it must be considered morally wrong. 
C)  If a war does not increase the amount of happiness in the world, it must be considered morally wrong. 
D)  Some wars increase the amount of happiness in the world. 
A)  If a war is immoral, it must be considered morally wrong. 
B)  If a war does not increase the amount of peace in the world, it must be considered morally wrong. 
C)  If a war does not increase the amount of happiness in the world, it must be considered morally wrong. 
D)  Some wars increase the amount of happiness in the world.

Question 6

A statement is

Accepted Answer

A)  an assertion about morality. 
B)  an assertion without a truth value. 
C)  an assertion that something is or is not the case. 
D)  a claim that cannot be verified. 
A)  an assertion about morality. 
B)  an assertion without a truth value. 
C)  an assertion that something is or is not the case. 
D)  a claim that cannot be verified.

Question 7

Deductive arguments are

Accepted Answer

A)  supposed to offer probable support for their conclusions. 
B)  usually valid. 
C)  usually invalid. 
D)  supposed to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions. 
A)  supposed to offer probable support for their conclusions. 
B)  usually valid. 
C)  usually invalid. 
D)  supposed to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions.

Question 8

In an argument, the supporting statements are known as ________; the statement being supported is known as the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  inferences; conclusion 
B)  premises; deduction 
C)  premises; conclusion 
D)  indicator words; conclusion 
A)  inferences; conclusion 
B)  premises; deduction 
C)  premises; conclusion 
D)  indicator words; conclusion

Question 9

Name the form of the following argument: If p, then q. If q, then r. Therefore, if p, then r.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothetical inductive 
B)  hypothetical syllogism 
C)  modus ponens 
D)  modus tollens 
A)  hypothetical inductive 
B)  hypothetical syllogism 
C)  modus ponens 
D)  modus tollens

Question 10

The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about an entire group of people or things based on an undersized sample of the group is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  hasty generalization. 
B)  begging the question. 
C)  slippery slope. 
D)  faulty analogy. 
A)  hasty generalization. 
B)  begging the question. 
C)  slippery slope. 
D)  faulty analogy.

Question 11

What is the fallacy used in the following passage? "No one can prove that a fetus is not a person from the moment of conception. So, a fetus must be accorded full moral rights as soon as it is conceived."

Accepted Answer

A)  appeal to ignorance 
B)  appeal to the person 
C)  slippery slope 
D)  faulty analogy 
A)  appeal to ignorance 
B)  appeal to the person 
C)  slippery slope 
D)  faulty analogy

Question 12

What is a possible counterexample to the following moral principle? "Lying is always wrong."

Accepted Answer

A)  Lying is morally wrong unless doing so will save a person's life. 
B)  Lying to cheat your friend out of money is morally wrong. 
C)  Lying to save yourself from embarrassment is wrong. 
D)  Lying is always morally wrong, even if doing so will save a person's life. 
A)  Lying is morally wrong unless doing so will save a person's life. 
B)  Lying to cheat your friend out of money is morally wrong. 
C)  Lying to save yourself from embarrassment is wrong. 
D)  Lying is always morally wrong, even if doing so will save a person's life.

Question 13

What is the fallacy used in the following passage? "If marijuana is legalized, young people will assume that smoking marijuana is socially acceptable. That will lead them to give into the temptation to smoke marijuana themselves, and smoking marijuana can ruin their lives. Therefore, marijuana should not be legalized."

Accepted Answer

A)  straw man 
B)  slippery slope 
C)  appeal to the person 
D)  appeal to ignorance 
A)  straw man 
B)  slippery slope 
C)  appeal to the person 
D)  appeal to ignorance

Question 14

In the argument "(1) Premarital sex is morally permissible because (2) it makes people happy," statement 1 is the ________ and statement 2 is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conclusion; premise 
B)  premise; conclusion 
C)  main argument; premise 
D)  implied premise; stated premise 
A)  conclusion; premise 
B)  premise; conclusion 
C)  main argument; premise 
D)  implied premise; stated premise

Question 15

What is the fallacy used in the following passage? "Liberals believe in abortion on demand, which means that killing a baby is permissible any time at all-at conception, in the second trimester, at infancy. Any of these would be appropriate times to kill a baby, says the liberal."

Accepted Answer

A)  appeal to the person 
B)  begging the question 
C)  straw man 
D)  equivocation 
A)  appeal to the person 
B)  begging the question 
C)  straw man 
D)  equivocation

Question 16

A statement asserting that a state of affairs is actual (true or false) without assigning a moral value to it is a

Accepted Answer

A)  moral statement. 
B)  nonmoral statement. 
C)  valid statement. 
D)  strong statement. 
A)  moral statement. 
B)  nonmoral statement. 
C)  valid statement. 
D)  strong statement.

Question 17

In a valid argument, if the premises are true, then the

Accepted Answer

A)  argument is cogent. 
B)  conclusion is probably true. 
C)  conclusion may or may not be true. 
D)  conclusion absolutely has to be true. 
A)  argument is cogent. 
B)  conclusion is probably true. 
C)  conclusion may or may not be true. 
D)  conclusion absolutely has to be true.

Question 18

A valid deductive argument with true premises is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  strong. 
B)  sound. 
C)  fit. 
D)  cogent. 
A)  strong. 
B)  sound. 
C)  fit. 
D)  cogent.

Question 19

What is the implicit premise in the following moral argument? "Same-sex marriage is contrary to tradition. Therefore, it should never be allowed."

Accepted Answer

A)  Same-sex marriage is harmful to society. 
B)  Same-sex marriage is unnatural and therefore should be banned. 
C)  Whatever causes harm to children should not be allowed. 
D)  Whatever is contrary to tradition should not be allowed. 
A)  Same-sex marriage is harmful to society. 
B)  Same-sex marriage is unnatural and therefore should be banned. 
C)  Whatever causes harm to children should not be allowed. 
D)  Whatever is contrary to tradition should not be allowed.

Question 20

The fallacy of assigning two different meanings to the same term in an argument is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  begging the question. 
B)  equivocation. 
C)  straw man. 
D)  appeal to ignorance. 
A)  begging the question. 
B)  equivocation. 
C)  straw man. 
D)  appeal to ignorance.

A moral statement is a

Name the form of the following argument: If p, then q. p. Therefore, q.

Inductive arguments are

A strong inductive argument with true premises is said to be

What is the implicit premise in the following moral argument? "The war did not increase the amount of happiness in the world. So, the war was morally wrong."

A statement is

Deductive arguments are

In an argument, the supporting statements are known as ; the statement being supported is known as the .

Name the form of the following argument: If p, then q. If q, then r. Therefore, if p, then r.

The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about an entire group of people or things based on an undersized sample of the group is known as

What is the fallacy used in the following passage? "No one can prove that a fetus is not a person from the moment of conception. So, a fetus must be accorded full moral rights as soon as it is conceived."

What is a possible counterexample to the following moral principle? "Lying is always wrong."

In the argument "(1) Premarital sex is morally permissible because (2) it makes people happy," statement 1 is the and statement 2 is the .

What is the fallacy used in the following passage? "Liberals believe in abortion on demand, which means that killing a baby is permissible any time at all-at conception, in the second trimester, at infancy. Any of these would be appropriate times to kill a baby, says the liberal."

A statement asserting that a state of affairs is actual (true or false) without assigning a moral value to it is a

In a valid argument, if the premises are true, then the

A valid deductive argument with true premises is said to be

What is the implicit premise in the following moral argument? "Same-sex marriage is contrary to tradition. Therefore, it should never be allowed."

The fallacy of assigning two different meanings to the same term in an argument is known as

Ethics and the Examined Life

Subjectivism, Relativism, and Emotivism

The Power of Moral Theories

Consequentialist Theories: Maximize the Good

Nonconsequentialist Theories: Do Your Duty

Virtue Ethics: Be a Good Person

Feminist Ethics and the Ethics of Care

Abortion

Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide

Delivering Health Care

Animal Welfare

Environmental Ethics

Racism, Equality, and Discrimination

Sexual Morality

Free Speech on Campus

Drugs, Guns, and Personal Liberty

Capital Punishment

Political Violence: War, Terrorism, and Torture

The Ethics of Immigration

Global Economic Justice

Filters

Exam 3: Evaluating Moral Arguments

A moral statement is a

Name the form of the following argument: If p, then q. p. Therefore, q.

Inductive arguments are

A strong inductive argument with true premises is said to be

What is the implicit premise in the following moral argument? "The war did not increase the amount of happiness in the world. So, the war was morally wrong."

A statement is

Deductive arguments are

In an argument, the supporting statements are known as ________; the statement being supported is known as the ________.

Name the form of the following argument: If p, then q. If q, then r. Therefore, if p, then r.

The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about an entire group of people or things based on an undersized sample of the group is known as

What is the fallacy used in the following passage? "No one can prove that a fetus is not a person from the moment of conception. So, a fetus must be accorded full moral rights as soon as it is conceived."

What is a possible counterexample to the following moral principle? "Lying is always wrong."

In the argument "(1) Premarital sex is morally permissible because (2) it makes people happy," statement 1 is the ________ and statement 2 is the ________.

What is the fallacy used in the following passage? "Liberals believe in abortion on demand, which means that killing a baby is permissible any time at all-at conception, in the second trimester, at infancy. Any of these would be appropriate times to kill a baby, says the liberal."

A statement asserting that a state of affairs is actual (true or false) without assigning a moral value to it is a

In a valid argument, if the premises are true, then the

A valid deductive argument with true premises is said to be

What is the implicit premise in the following moral argument? "Same-sex marriage is contrary to tradition. Therefore, it should never be allowed."

The fallacy of assigning two different meanings to the same term in an argument is known as

Ethics and the Examined Life

Subjectivism, Relativism, and Emotivism

The Power of Moral Theories

Consequentialist Theories: Maximize the Good

Nonconsequentialist Theories: Do Your Duty

Virtue Ethics: Be a Good Person

Feminist Ethics and the Ethics of Care

Abortion

Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide

Delivering Health Care

Animal Welfare

Environmental Ethics

Racism, Equality, and Discrimination

Sexual Morality

Free Speech on Campus

Drugs, Guns, and Personal Liberty

Capital Punishment

Political Violence: War, Terrorism, and Torture

The Ethics of Immigration

Global Economic Justice

Filters

In an argument, the supporting statements are known as ; the statement being supported is known as the .

In the argument "(1) Premarital sex is morally permissible because (2) it makes people happy," statement 1 is the and statement 2 is the .