Question 1

Explain the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in T cell activation.

Accepted Answer

T cell activation begins with a cell processing and displaying antigen fragments on its MHC
molecules. It then presents the antigen to a particular T cell clone, which is specific for its individual MHC ^-antigen complex. When the T cell receptor recognizes and binds this complex, multiple
changes are triggered inside the T cell and the process of activation begins. This process is known as clonal selection because the antigen "selects" a particular T cell clone. Full T cell activation requires
the interaction of the T cell with other molecules on the cells called co ^-stimulators.

Question 2

T cells directly interact with antigens without other cells involved.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Lymph capillaries form a two -way system that moves lymph to and from the heart.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

The lymph ducts in the thoracic cavity drain into the:

Accepted Answer

A)  junction of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. 
B)  junction of the brachiocephalic vein and the superior vena cava. 
C)  inferior vena cava. 
D)  external jugular veins. 
A)  junction of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. 
B)  junction of the brachiocephalic vein and the superior vena cava. 
C)  inferior vena cava. 
D)  external jugular veins.

Question 5

During the second stage of the inflammatory response, what do neutrophils accomplish when they migrate to areas of damaged tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutrophils destroy bacteria and other cellular debris. 
B)  Neutrophils increase capillary permeability. 
C)  Neutrophils are potent vasodilators. 
D)  Neutrophils interfere with the ability of viruses or bacteria to infect other cells. 
A)  Neutrophils destroy bacteria and other cellular debris. 
B)  Neutrophils increase capillary permeability. 
C)  Neutrophils are potent vasodilators. 
D)  Neutrophils interfere with the ability of viruses or bacteria to infect other cells.

Question 6

If the thymus shrank and stopped making hormones in a child, we would expect to see a decrease in the number of:

Accepted Answer

A)  eosinophils. 
B)  T lymphocytes (T cells). 
C)  neutrophils. 
D)  B lymphocytes (B cells). 
A)  eosinophils. 
B)  T lymphocytes (T cells). 
C)  neutrophils. 
D)  B lymphocytes (B cells).

Question 7

Surface barriers, such as cutaneous and mucous membranes, serve the immune system as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  third line of defense. 
B)  first line of defense. 
C)  second line of defense. 
D)  fourth line of defense. 
A)  third line of defense. 
B)  first line of defense. 
C)  second line of defense. 
D)  fourth line of defense.

Question 8

Blood transfusions between incompatible blood types results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  type II, or antibody -mediated, hypersensitivity. 
B)  type I, or immediate, hypersensitivity. 
C)  type III, or immune -complex mediated, hypersensitivity. 
D)  type IV, or delayed -type, hypersensitivity. 
A)  type II, or antibody -mediated, hypersensitivity. 
B)  type I, or immediate, hypersensitivity. 
C)  type III, or immune -complex mediated, hypersensitivity. 
D)  type IV, or delayed -type, hypersensitivity.

Question 9

Which antibody is NOT secreted by B cells in significant amounts?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgD 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgM 
A)  IgD 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgM

Question 10

Bill first had the influenza vaccine in October. He experienced a headache, achiness, fatigue, and a fever.
When he came into contact with the influenza virus a few months later, he hardly had any symptoms at all. Explain these two different immune responses seen with each exposure to the virus.

Accepted Answer

The primary immune response began with B

Question 11

Adaptive, or specific, immunity consists of antimicrobial proteins and certain cells that respond quickly to pathogens within the first 12 hours after exposure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What cells decline in number during the final phase of HIV -1 infection, when an individual is said to have AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  memory B cells 
B)  helper T (TH) cells 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  B cells 
A)  memory B cells 
B)  helper T (TH) cells 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  B cells

Question 13

Explain how a type I, or immediate, hypersensitivity is different from a typical primary immune response.

Accepted Answer

Type I, or immediate, hypersensitivity r

Question 14

Self antigens usually generate an immune response in our own bodies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Lymph traveling from the right arm will be filtered by:

Accepted Answer

A)  inguinal lymph nodes. 
B)  cervical lymph nodes. 
C)  mesenteric lymph nodes. 
D)  axillary lymph nodes. 
A)  inguinal lymph nodes. 
B)  cervical lymph nodes. 
C)  mesenteric lymph nodes. 
D)  axillary lymph nodes.

Question 16

IgM is the first antibody secreted by plasma cells when the body is invaded by a pathogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The clumping of cells that are cross -linked by their attachments to antibodies is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  agglutination. 
B)  precipitation. 
C)  neutralization. 
D)  opsonization. 
A)  agglutination. 
B)  precipitation. 
C)  neutralization. 
D)  opsonization.

Question 18

Cells that help regulate the immune response are:

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotoxic T (T
C)  cells. 
B)  CD8 cells. 
C)  helper T (TH) cells. 
D)  major histocompatibility complex (MH
C)  molecules. 
A)  cytotoxic T (T
C)  cells. 
B)  CD8 cells. 
C)  helper T (TH) cells. 
D)  major histocompatibility complex (MH
C)  molecules.

Question 19

Describe the functions of the lymphatic system.

Accepted Answer

The lymphatic system has several functio

Question 20

What type of non -phagocytic cell mediates inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  basophil 
B)  neutrophil 
C)  eosinophil 
D)  natural killer (NK) cell 
A)  basophil 
B)  neutrophil 
C)  eosinophil 
D)  natural killer (NK) cell

Exam 20: The Lymphatic System Immunity

Explain the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in T cell activation.

T cells directly interact with antigens without other cells involved.

Lymph capillaries form a two -way system that moves lymph to and from the heart.

The lymph ducts in the thoracic cavity drain into the:

During the second stage of the inflammatory response, what do neutrophils accomplish when they migrate to areas of damaged tissue?

If the thymus shrank and stopped making hormones in a child, we would expect to see a decrease in the number of:

Surface barriers, such as cutaneous and mucous membranes, serve the immune system as the:

Blood transfusions between incompatible blood types results in:

Which antibody is NOT secreted by B cells in significant amounts?

Bill first had the influenza vaccine in October. He experienced a headache, achiness, fatigue, and a fever. When he came into contact with the influenza virus a few months later, he hardly had any symptoms at all. Explain these two different immune responses seen with each exposure to the virus.

Adaptive, or specific, immunity consists of antimicrobial proteins and certain cells that respond quickly to pathogens within the first 12 hours after exposure.

What cells decline in number during the final phase of HIV -1 infection, when an individual is said to have AIDS?

Explain how a type I, or immediate, hypersensitivity is different from a typical primary immune response.

Self antigens usually generate an immune response in our own bodies.

Lymph traveling from the right arm will be filtered by:

IgM is the first antibody secreted by plasma cells when the body is invaded by a pathogen.

The clumping of cells that are cross -linked by their attachments to antibodies is known as:

Cells that help regulate the immune response are:

Describe the functions of the lymphatic system.

What type of non -phagocytic cell mediates inflammation?

Introduction to Anatomy Physiology

The Chemistry of Life

The Cell

Histology

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System

Articulations

The Muscular System

Muscle Tissue Physiology

Introduction to the Nervous System Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System Homeostasis

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System I: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System Ii: Blood Vessels

Blood

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism Nutrition

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte Acid-Base Homeostasis

The Reproductive System

Development Heredity

Filters

Lymph capillaries form a two ^-way system that moves lymph to and from the heart.

What cells decline in number during the final phase of HIV ^-1 infection, when an individual is said to have AIDS?

The clumping of cells that are cross ^-linked by their attachments to antibodies is known as:

What type of non ^-phagocytic cell mediates inflammation?