Exam 9: Controls and Threats to Interval Validity

Reflect on the Are You Equipped Now at the end of the chapter.It may be such that participants wanted so strongly for this new treatment to work that they experienced pain relief.If this did indeed occur, which of the following was a threat to internal validity?

The following are types of threats to internal validity: maturation, history, participation, and attrition.

The threat of internal validity known as testing is always to be avoided.

In a single blind student, the researcher is "blind" to the treatment conditions.

Cook and Campbell outlined threats to internal validity many years ago.

Reflect on the Are You Equipped Now at the end of the chapter.What if some of the participants dropped out of the experiment before the end because it was not working to alleviate pain? This question is associated with which of the following threats to internal validity?

When a change in the dependent variable could be due to how participants were picked or assigned to groups, __________ is a threat to internal validity.

Many colleges and universities offer a freshman seminar class to prepare students for college life.Colleges put a great deal of money into these classes and want to know if the freshman seminar classes the independent variable) have an influence on the students' attitudes and behaviors the dependent variable).This is commonly measured by conducting a survey at the end of the first year about information covered in the classes.Which of the following threats to internal validity could influence survey results?

Which of the following researchers outlined threats to internal validity many years ago?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the use of double blind studies?

Extreme scores moving to the mean on subsequent testing is regression to the mean.

Campbell and Stanly outlined threats to internal validity many years ago.

A sugar pill is a placebo.

Extraneous variables will vary systematically with the dependent variable.

While researchers can reduce placebo effects through double-blind procedures, researchers cannot reduce demand characteristics. Short Answer

Research conducted on children must always evaluate which threat to internal validity?

It is beyond the researcher's control to prevent all threats to internal validity.

Which of the following is not an example of a placebo?

When a change in the dependent variable could be due to participants in one group talking to participants in another group, __________ is a threat to internal validity.

Extraneous variables will vary systematically with the independent variable.