Question 1

How do the strength and cohesion of clay- rich regolith or soil change with the addition of water?

Accepted Answer

A) Water lowers the strength and cohesion. 
B) Water does not affect the cohesion but lowers the strength. 
C) Water reduces the strength of clays but raises the cohesion of the soil. 
D) Water increases the strength and cohesion. 
A) Water lowers the strength and cohesion. 
B) Water does not affect the cohesion but lowers the strength. 
C) Water reduces the strength of clays but raises the cohesion of the soil. 
D) Water increases the strength and cohesion. A

Question 2

Unconsolidated, granular materials such as gravel and sand will support maximum slope angles of about 33 to 35 degrees. What is the name for this maximum slope angle?

Accepted Answer

angle of repose

Question 3

As a geologist working in a foreign country for the first time, you are asked to assess the potential for rapid mass wasting in a particular region. In what aspects or characteristics (geologic, geographic, biologic, etc.)of the region do you need for your assessment? Also, how could you possibly determine if mass wasting has been active in the recent geologic past (hundreds or thousands of years)?

Accepted Answer

In the region, is it mountainous, prone to earthquakes or have volcanic eruptions? Are there steep slopes or areas with no or little vegetation? How much snow or rainfall does it receive? Is the region affected by strong ocean wave action? To determine if mass wasting has occurred in the recent geologic past, scars or scarps on slopes may be observed or older rockslide or debris flows may be detected.

Question 4

Which mass wasting process has the slowest rate of movement?

Accepted Answer

A) creep 
B) solifluction 
C) rock avalanche 
D) slump 
A) creep 
B) solifluction 
C) rock avalanche 
D) slump

Question 5

The most rapid type of mass movement is a__________ _ .

Accepted Answer

A) debris flow 
B) lahar 
C) slump 
D) rock avalanche 
A) debris flow 
B) lahar 
C) slump 
D) rock avalanche

Question 6

During wet weather or times when snow is melting, sometimes the downhill toe of a slump__________ .

Accepted Answer

A) becomes an earthflow 
B) turns into a rock avalanche 
C) stops moving because water makes the clay sticky 
D) collapses and is deposited as talus at the base of the slope 
A) becomes an earthflow 
B) turns into a rock avalanche 
C) stops moving because water makes the clay sticky 
D) collapses and is deposited as talus at the base of the slope

Question 7

Which of the following locations was affected by mudflows triggered by an earthquake in 2001?

Accepted Answer

A) Oslo, Norway 
B) Buffalo, New York 
C) Johannesburg, South Africa 
D) Santa Tecia, El Salvador 
A) Oslo, Norway 
B) Buffalo, New York 
C) Johannesburg, South Africa 
D) Santa Tecia, El Salvador

Question 8

__________is the basic force that moves or accelerates soil and regolith down a slope.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________is the basic force that moves or...

Question 9

A geologist wants to locate a horizontal coal bed on a soil- covered slope where soil creep is active. A distinctive sandstone bed underlies the coal bed. On the basis of weathered sandstone fragments in the soil, where is the coal bed?

Accepted Answer

A) just below the lowest piece of sandstone seen in the soil 
B) just above the highest piece of sandstone seen in the soil 
C) just above the lowest piece of sandstone seen in the soil 
D) just below the highest piece of sandstone seen in the soil 
A) just below the lowest piece of sandstone seen in the soil 
B) just above the highest piece of sandstone seen in the soil 
C) just above the lowest piece of sandstone seen in the soil 
D) just below the highest piece of sandstone seen in the soil

Question 10

What is another name for volcanic mudflows, like those formed during the Mount St. Helens and Nevado del Ruiz eruptions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is another name for volcanic mudflows,...

Question 11

All of the following are possible indicators that creep is occurring EXCEPT for __________.

Accepted Answer

A) curved tree trunks 
B) cracks in roads or sidewalks 
C) tilted fences or power line poles 
D) an extremely thick soil profile 
A) curved tree trunks 
B) cracks in roads or sidewalks 
C) tilted fences or power line poles 
D) an extremely thick soil profile

Question 12

Of the following, which one would most likely be triggered by an earthquake?

Accepted Answer

A) soil creep 
B) slump 
C) solifluction 
D) rock avalanche 
A) soil creep 
B) slump 
C) solifluction 
D) rock avalanche

Question 13

Which one of the following operates primarily in areas of permafrost?

Accepted Answer

A) soil creep 
B) mudflow 
C) solifluction 
D) rock avalanche 
A) soil creep 
B) mudflow 
C) solifluction 
D) rock avalanche

Question 14

Which of the following mass movements is most likely to occur in a geologic setting where the rock strata are inclined?

Accepted Answer

A) debris flow 
B) rockslide 
C) slump 
D) creep 
A) debris flow 
B) rockslide 
C) slump 
D) creep

Question 15

Why was the Alaskan pipeline built above ground and insulated?

Accepted Answer

A) to protect against damage from roots of large trees uprooted in windstorms 
B) to keep the crude oil cool and highly fluid 
C) to protect against damage from herds of elk and deer 
D) to protect the pipeline against damage due to thawing ground and to keep the crude oil hot and fluid 
A) to protect against damage from roots of large trees uprooted in windstorms 
B) to keep the crude oil cool and highly fluid 
C) to protect against damage from herds of elk and deer 
D) to protect the pipeline against damage due to thawing ground and to keep the crude oil hot and fluid

Question 16

Although it was not discussed in chapter 12, what are some preventive measures that can be done to reduce or lessen the impact of mass wasting? (Hint: Think about the controls and triggers of mass wasting.)

Accepted Answer

Do not ove

Question 17

Where do the most rapid mass- wasting events occur?

Accepted Answer

A) gently sloped mountains 
B) rugged, geologically young mountains 
C) older, gradually sloped mountains 
D) areas with a high occurrence of earthquakes 
A) gently sloped mountains 
B) rugged, geologically young mountains 
C) older, gradually sloped mountains 
D) areas with a high occurrence of earthquakes

Question 18

How do freezing, thawing, wetting, and drying contribute to soil creep?

Accepted Answer

A) Gravity exerts a much stronger force when the soil is wet and thawed. 
B) The soil expands and contracts, lifting particles and dropping them a slight distance downslope. 
C) Eventually, these cause the soil and regolith to suddenly slide down the slope. 
D) The soil becomes much weaker when dry and frozen. 
A) Gravity exerts a much stronger force when the soil is wet and thawed. 
B) The soil expands and contracts, lifting particles and dropping them a slight distance downslope. 
C) Eventually, these cause the soil and regolith to suddenly slide down the slope. 
D) The soil becomes much weaker when dry and frozen.

Question 19

As an erosional process, how is mass wasting unique from wind, water, and ice?

Accepted Answer

A) Mass wasting affects particles of all sizes whereas the others affect only smaller particles. 
B) Mass wasting affects much larger geographic areas than does wind, water, and ice. 
C) Mass wasting does not require a transporting medium. 
D) All of the above make mass wasting unique compared to wind, water, and ice. 
A) Mass wasting affects particles of all sizes whereas the others affect only smaller particles. 
B) Mass wasting affects much larger geographic areas than does wind, water, and ice. 
C) Mass wasting does not require a transporting medium. 
D) All of the above make mass wasting unique compared to wind, water, and ice.

Question 20

Which of the following statements concerning mudflows is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) In hilly areas, mudflows move down the canyons and stream valleys. 
B) Mudflows may be caused by heavy rains or melting snow. 
C) Mudflows deposit talus slopes. 
D) Mudflows can move and carry very large boulders and other coarse debris. 
A) In hilly areas, mudflows move down the canyons and stream valleys. 
B) Mudflows may be caused by heavy rains or melting snow. 
C) Mudflows deposit talus slopes. 
D) Mudflows can move and carry very large boulders and other coarse debris.

How do the strength and cohesion of clay- rich regolith or soil change with the addition of water?

Unconsolidated, granular materials such as gravel and sand will support maximum slope angles of about 33 to 35 degrees. What is the name for this maximum slope angle?

Which mass wasting process has the slowest rate of movement?

The most rapid type of mass movement is a__________ _ .

During wet weather or times when snow is melting, sometimes the downhill toe of a slump__________ .

Which of the following locations was affected by mudflows triggered by an earthquake in 2001?

__________is the basic force that moves or accelerates soil and regolith down a slope.

A geologist wants to locate a horizontal coal bed on a soil- covered slope where soil creep is active. A distinctive sandstone bed underlies the coal bed. On the basis of weathered sandstone fragments in the soil, where is the coal bed?

What is another name for volcanic mudflows, like those formed during the Mount St. Helens and Nevado del Ruiz eruptions?

All of the following are possible indicators that creep is occurring EXCEPT for __________.

Of the following, which one would most likely be triggered by an earthquake?

Which one of the following operates primarily in areas of permafrost?

Which of the following mass movements is most likely to occur in a geologic setting where the rock strata are inclined?

Why was the Alaskan pipeline built above ground and insulated?

Although it was not discussed in chapter 12, what are some preventive measures that can be done to reduce or lessen the impact of mass wasting? (Hint: Think about the controls and triggers of mass wasting.)

Where do the most rapid mass- wasting events occur?

How do freezing, thawing, wetting, and drying contribute to soil creep?

As an erosional process, how is mass wasting unique from wind, water, and ice?

Which of the following statements concerning mudflows is NOT true?

An Introduction to Geology

Plate Tectonics: a Scientific Revolution Unfolds

Matter and Minerals

Igneous Rocks and Intrusive Activity

Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

Weathering and Soils

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

Origin and Evolution of the Ocean Floor

Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Wind

Shorelines

Geologic Time

Earths Evolution Through Geologic Time

Global Climate Change

Filters

Exam 12: Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

How do the strength and cohesion of clay- rich regolith or soil change with the addition of water?

Unconsolidated, granular materials such as gravel and sand will support maximum slope angles of about 33 to 35 degrees. What is the name for this maximum slope angle?

Which mass wasting process has the slowest rate of movement?

The most rapid type of mass movement is a__________ _ .

During wet weather or times when snow is melting, sometimes the downhill toe of a slump__________ .

Which of the following locations was affected by mudflows triggered by an earthquake in 2001?

__________is the basic force that moves or accelerates soil and regolith down a slope.

A geologist wants to locate a horizontal coal bed on a soil- covered slope where soil creep is active. A distinctive sandstone bed underlies the coal bed. On the basis of weathered sandstone fragments in the soil, where is the coal bed?

What is another name for volcanic mudflows, like those formed during the Mount St. Helens and Nevado del Ruiz eruptions?

All of the following are possible indicators that creep is occurring EXCEPT for __________.

Of the following, which one would most likely be triggered by an earthquake?

Which one of the following operates primarily in areas of permafrost?

Which of the following mass movements is most likely to occur in a geologic setting where the rock strata are inclined?

Why was the Alaskan pipeline built above ground and insulated?

Although it was not discussed in chapter 12, what are some preventive measures that can be done to reduce or lessen the impact of mass wasting? (Hint: Think about the controls and triggers of mass wasting.)

Where do the most rapid mass- wasting events occur?

How do freezing, thawing, wetting, and drying contribute to soil creep?

As an erosional process, how is mass wasting unique from wind, water, and ice?

Which of the following statements concerning mudflows is NOT true?

An Introduction to Geology

Plate Tectonics: a Scientific Revolution Unfolds

Matter and Minerals

Igneous Rocks and Intrusive Activity

Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

Weathering and Soils

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

Origin and Evolution of the Ocean Floor

Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Wind

Shorelines

Geologic Time

Earths Evolution Through Geologic Time

Global Climate Change

Filters