Exam 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissues

When does prevention of osteoporosis start?

Choose the structures that most directly provide nutrients and remove wastes from osteocytes in compact bone.

Emily, a 64-year-old formerly obese woman who successfully lost over 100 pounds, was brought to the hospital suffering pain in her legs, and an X-ray revealed that she had a simple fracture in her right femur and a crack in her left tibia. Other tests revealed that her bones were brittle and porous. What might have happened to Emily, and what advice would she have been given by the physician?

When an osteoblast becomes completely surrounded by its own matrix secretions it is referred to as a(n) _________.

If your elderly patient's blood calcium level is normal, does that mean the patient does not have osteoporosis? Explain.

An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only.

The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk.

Compare the starts of intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification.

In some cases, the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause?

In humans, the effect of the hormone calcitonin is to _________.

Johnny fractured the lower third of his right tibia in a skiing accident. The soft tissues in the area were severely damaged and their surgical removal was necessary. After prolonged immobilization, it was found that Johnny was healing very poorly. The explanation offered by the orthopedic surgeon was that vascularization of the fracture site was still inadequate and good healing was absolutely dependent upon an adequate blood supply. Describe how a long bone receives its blood supply and trace the path of nutrient delivery to the osteocytes.

Choose which bone marking type would likely increase in size when a weight lifter repeatedly exercises muscles that attach to it.

The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as_________ .

Mimi, a 70-year-old seamstress, is having difficulty walking and pain in her left knee. After consulting with her physician, she is notified that she is suffering from a loss of cartilage in her knee. Which type of cartilage is usually found in the knee and why is its loss painful?

What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?

At what age do bones reach their peak density?

Sixty-five percent of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite.

Cranial bones develop_________ .

Choose the best location for obtaining a red bone marrow sample from a patient.

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows_________ .