Question 1

How does a muscle return to its extended condition after contracting?

Accepted Answer

It is pulled back to the extended position by another muscle that is antagonistic to it.

Question 2

If an athlete damages the cartilage in her knee, it tends to heal very slowly because cartilage

Accepted Answer

A)  is dead tissue. 
B)  lacks a blood supply. 
C)  hardens with age. 
D)  cannot be replaced or repaired by the body. 
E)  is rejected by the body as it is formed. 
A)  is dead tissue. 
B)  lacks a blood supply. 
C)  hardens with age. 
D)  cannot be replaced or repaired by the body. 
E)  is rejected by the body as it is formed. B

Question 3

Over time, what will happen to the structure of the bones of a left- handed professional baseball player?

Accepted Answer

The bones associated with the left arm (and left- handed activities) will grow thicker than the bones of the right arm.

Question 4

Describe the differences between fast- twitch and slow- twitch muscle fibers.

Accepted Answer

Slow- twitch muscles fibers do not contr

Question 5

The myofibrils of skeletal muscle are made up of repeating units called

Accepted Answer

A)  T tubules. 
B)  motor units. 
C)  Z lines. 
D)  fibers. 
E)  sarcomeres. 
A)  T tubules. 
B)  motor units. 
C)  Z lines. 
D)  fibers. 
E)  sarcomeres.

Question 6

How would a calcium deficiency affect the process of skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosin heads would not bind to actin efficiently. 
B)  Skeletal muscles would not be able to utilize ATP as a source of fuel. 
C)  The myosin heads would remain attached to actin molecules. 
D)  The action potential would be blocked from entering the muscle fiber. 
A)  Myosin heads would not bind to actin efficiently. 
B)  Skeletal muscles would not be able to utilize ATP as a source of fuel. 
C)  The myosin heads would remain attached to actin molecules. 
D)  The action potential would be blocked from entering the muscle fiber.

Question 7

An exoskeleton is characteristic of , whereas an endoskeleton is a characteristic of .

Accepted Answer

A)  reptiles; insects 
B)  insects; reptiles 
C)  mammals; spiders 
D)  sea anemones; humans 
A)  reptiles; insects 
B)  insects; reptiles 
C)  mammals; spiders 
D)  sea anemones; humans

Question 8

The term motor unit refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  all the motor neurons stimulating a skeletal muscle. 
B)  all the skeletal muscles in one region of the body. 
C)  all the muscle fibers that synapse with one motor neuron. 
D)  an entire skeletal muscle. 
E)  all sarcomeres within a single muscle fiber. 
A)  all the motor neurons stimulating a skeletal muscle. 
B)  all the skeletal muscles in one region of the body. 
C)  all the muscle fibers that synapse with one motor neuron. 
D)  an entire skeletal muscle. 
E)  all sarcomeres within a single muscle fiber.

Question 9

A callus is a mass of bone and cartilage that

Accepted Answer

A)  forms after a bone breaks. 
B)  is involved in bone formation in the vertebrate embryo. 
C)  is a form of bone cancer. 
D)  thickens the fibrous structure of a muscle. 
A)  forms after a bone breaks. 
B)  is involved in bone formation in the vertebrate embryo. 
C)  is a form of bone cancer. 
D)  thickens the fibrous structure of a muscle.

Question 10

In skeletal and cardiac muscles, relaxation occurs as ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  sodium 
C)  potassium 
D)  chloride 
A)  calcium 
B)  sodium 
C)  potassium 
D)  chloride

Question 11

The vertebrate skeleton is made up of _ , ligaments, and bones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The vertebrate skeleton is made up of...

Question 12

Red bone marrow, which produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, is located in

Accepted Answer

A)  compact bone. 
B)  spongy bone. 
C)  ligaments. 
D)  cartilage. 
A)  compact bone. 
B)  spongy bone. 
C)  ligaments. 
D)  cartilage.

Question 13

Skeletal muscle produces force as the "walk" along the .

Accepted Answer

A)  actin heads; myosin 
B)  ATP molecules; myofibrils 
C)  myosin heads; actin 
D)  creatine phosphate molecules; sarcomere 
A)  actin heads; myosin 
B)  ATP molecules; myofibrils 
C)  myosin heads; actin 
D)  creatine phosphate molecules; sarcomere

Question 14

Thick filaments are composed primarily of , whereas thin filaments consist of .

Accepted Answer

A)  T tubules; Z discs 
B)  myosin; actin 
C)  actin; myosin 
D)  Z discs; T tubules 
A)  T tubules; Z discs 
B)  myosin; actin 
C)  actin; myosin 
D)  Z discs; T tubules

Question 15

Which of the following individuals is most likely to have the greatest bone density?

Accepted Answer

A)  An astronaut who has been in space for an extended time 
B)  A computer programmer 
C)  A person who walks 30 minutes a day 
D)  A person who has been chronically ill and in bed 
A)  An astronaut who has been in space for an extended time 
B)  A computer programmer 
C)  A person who walks 30 minutes a day 
D)  A person who has been chronically ill and in bed

Question 16

Smooth muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  is under voluntary control. 
B)  contracts when stretched. 
C)  produces rapid contractions. 
D)  does not contain actin or myosin. 
A)  is under voluntary control. 
B)  contracts when stretched. 
C)  produces rapid contractions. 
D)  does not contain actin or myosin.

Question 17

What happens to an astronaut who spends 2 months in the weightless environment of a space capsule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone density increases and muscle mass increases. 
B)  Bone density decreases and muscle mass decreases. 
C)  Bone density increases and muscle mass decreases. 
D)  Bone density decreases and muscle mass increases. 
A)  Bone density increases and muscle mass increases. 
B)  Bone density decreases and muscle mass decreases. 
C)  Bone density increases and muscle mass decreases. 
D)  Bone density decreases and muscle mass increases.

Question 18

Which of the following increases bone mass?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dietary nitrogen supplements 
B)  Moderate stress from weight- bearing exercises 
C)  Increased osteoclast activity 
D)  Increasing the action potentials that directly stimulate bones 
A)  Dietary nitrogen supplements 
B)  Moderate stress from weight- bearing exercises 
C)  Increased osteoclast activity 
D)  Increasing the action potentials that directly stimulate bones

Question 19

Cartilage is composed of specialized cells called

Accepted Answer

A)  erythrocytes. 
B)  chondrocytes. 
C)  platelets. 
D)  osteoblasts. 
E)  osteoclasts. 
A)  erythrocytes. 
B)  chondrocytes. 
C)  platelets. 
D)  osteoblasts. 
E)  osteoclasts.

Question 20

What is the major disadvantage of an exoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not protect the internal organs. 
B)  It does not provide effective support for muscles. 
C)  It hardens only after an extended exposure to air. 
D)  It must be periodically shed for growth to occur. 
A)  It does not protect the internal organs. 
B)  It does not provide effective support for muscles. 
C)  It hardens only after an extended exposure to air. 
D)  It must be periodically shed for growth to occur.

Exam 41: Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

How does a muscle return to its extended condition after contracting?

If an athlete damages the cartilage in her knee, it tends to heal very slowly because cartilage

Over time, what will happen to the structure of the bones of a left- handed professional baseball player?

Describe the differences between fast- twitch and slow- twitch muscle fibers.

The myofibrils of skeletal muscle are made up of repeating units called

How would a calcium deficiency affect the process of skeletal muscle contraction?

An exoskeleton is characteristic of , whereas an endoskeleton is a characteristic of .

The term motor unit refers to

A callus is a mass of bone and cartilage that

In skeletal and cardiac muscles, relaxation occurs as ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The vertebrate skeleton is made up of _ , ligaments, and bones.

Red bone marrow, which produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, is located in

Skeletal muscle produces force as the "walk" along the .

Thick filaments are composed primarily of , whereas thin filaments consist of .

Which of the following individuals is most likely to have the greatest bone density?

Smooth muscle

What happens to an astronaut who spends 2 months in the weightless environment of a space capsule?

Which of the following increases bone mass?

Cartilage is composed of specialized cells called

What is the major disadvantage of an exoskeleton?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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