Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the four cardinal virtues?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wisdom 
B)  Justice 
C)  Courage 
D)  Intelligence 
A)  Wisdom 
B)  Justice 
C)  Courage 
D)  Intelligence

Question 2

With regard to the building blocks of wisdom, Piaget is to??????___________ as Erickson is to___________

Accepted Answer

A)  Concrete operations; generativity 
B)  Integrity; dialectical operations 
C)  Dialectical operations; integrity 
D)  Conservation; integrity 
A)  Concrete operations; generativity 
B)  Integrity; dialectical operations 
C)  Dialectical operations; integrity 
D)  Conservation; integrity

Question 3

How many criteria did the Baltes group identify as characteristic of wisdom and wisdom-related performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6

Question 4

According to Erikson, wisdom is gained through resolving crises associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  developing an identity. 
B)  contributing to the next generation. 
C)  resolving integrity versus despair. 
D)  developing autonomy and avoiding guilt. 
A)  developing an identity. 
B)  contributing to the next generation. 
C)  resolving integrity versus despair. 
D)  developing autonomy and avoiding guilt.

Question 5

Which of the following was a finding of Monica Ardelt's "Berkeley Guidance Project"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Significant gender differences exist in terms of the developmental course of Wisdom. 
B)  The quality of a person's social environment in early adulthood has a significant effect on the development of wisdom. 
C)  Children today are significantly wiser than children born in the 1950's. 
D)  Children in California are significantly wiser than children in the rest of America. 
A)  Significant gender differences exist in terms of the developmental course of Wisdom. 
B)  The quality of a person's social environment in early adulthood has a significant effect on the development of wisdom. 
C)  Children today are significantly wiser than children born in the 1950's. 
D)  Children in California are significantly wiser than children in the rest of America.

Question 6

What did Orwoll and Achenbaum (1993) conclude after reviewing the role of gender in the development of wisdom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women are consistently wiser than men. 
B)  Men are consistently wiser than women. 
C)  There are no gender differences in the development or expression of wisdom. 
D)  Men's wise acts are more likely to take place in public, whereas women's wise acts are more likely to take place in private. 
A)  Women are consistently wiser than men. 
B)  Men are consistently wiser than women. 
C)  There are no gender differences in the development or expression of wisdom. 
D)  Men's wise acts are more likely to take place in public, whereas women's wise acts are more likely to take place in private.

Question 7

Cross-cultural research of the characteristics related to wisdom has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  all cultures purposely cultivate wisdom. 
B)  both Japanese and American people showed evidence of wisedom throughout their life spans. 
C)  Japanese people showed greater wisdom with age, but Americans showed evidence of wisdom throughout their life spans. 
D)  American people showed greater wisdom with age, but Japanese people showed evidence of wisdom throughout their life spans. 
A)  all cultures purposely cultivate wisdom. 
B)  both Japanese and American people showed evidence of wisedom throughout their life spans. 
C)  Japanese people showed greater wisdom with age, but Americans showed evidence of wisdom throughout their life spans. 
D)  American people showed greater wisdom with age, but Japanese people showed evidence of wisdom throughout their life spans.

Question 8

Who defined courage as "grace under pressure"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemingway 
B)  Kant 
C)  Snyder 
D)  Aristotle 
A)  Hemingway 
B)  Kant 
C)  Snyder 
D)  Aristotle

Question 9

According to Szagun, which age group likened courage to the difficulty of the task at hand along with being fearless?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 to 6 year olds 
B)  8 to 9 year olds 
C)  11 to12 year olds 
D)  Adults 
A)  5 to 6 year olds 
B)  8 to 9 year olds 
C)  11 to12 year olds 
D)  Adults

Question 10

According to Szagun's research with children on the topic of courage,

Accepted Answer

A)  Younger children conceptualized courage as physical risk-taking, while older children focused on psychological risk-taking. 
B)  Younger children conceptualized courage as psychological risk-taking, while older children focused on physical risk-taking. 
C)  Younger children conceptualized courage as a multifaceted emotional experience. 
D)  Younger children placed emphasis on overcoming fear as part of developing courage. 
A)  Younger children conceptualized courage as physical risk-taking, while older children focused on psychological risk-taking. 
B)  Younger children conceptualized courage as psychological risk-taking, while older children focused on physical risk-taking. 
C)  Younger children conceptualized courage as a multifaceted emotional experience. 
D)  Younger children placed emphasis on overcoming fear as part of developing courage.

Question 11

The story about the ordeal of Malala Yousafzai best illustrates which type of courage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moral courage. 
B)  Physical courage. 
C)  Vital courage. 
D)  All of the above were shown by Malala. 
A)  Moral courage. 
B)  Physical courage. 
C)  Vital courage. 
D)  All of the above were shown by Malala.

Question 12

Compare the three types of courage in O'Byrne's model and how these classifications fit Cicero's definition of courage.

Accepted Answer

O'Byrne's model of courage identifies th

Question 13

Which of the following did Baltes NOT find when analyzing cultural-historical and philosophical writings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wisdom is well intended and combines mind and virtue. 
B)  Wisdom is very difficult to achieve, but easily recognized by people. 
C)  Wisdom involves special or superior knowledge, judgment, and advice. 
D)  Wisdom is valued more in western cultures. 
A)  Wisdom is well intended and combines mind and virtue. 
B)  Wisdom is very difficult to achieve, but easily recognized by people. 
C)  Wisdom involves special or superior knowledge, judgment, and advice. 
D)  Wisdom is valued more in western cultures.

Question 14

Most experts agreed that _____________ is uniquely human, can be learned, increases with age, and can be measured.

Accepted Answer

A)  judgment 
B)  courage 
C)  fortitude 
D)  wisdom 
A)  judgment 
B)  courage 
C)  fortitude 
D)  wisdom

Question 15

Which of the following statements about culture and wisdom is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  People from Eastern traditions stress affect over cognition in their view of wisdom. 
B)  People from Western traditions take the affective side into account in equal balance with the cognitive side of wisdom. 
C)  People from Western traditions tend to stress cognition over affective dimensions. 
D)  The characteristics of wisdom are largely consistent from one culture to another. 
A)  People from Eastern traditions stress affect over cognition in their view of wisdom. 
B)  People from Western traditions take the affective side into account in equal balance with the cognitive side of wisdom. 
C)  People from Western traditions tend to stress cognition over affective dimensions. 
D)  The characteristics of wisdom are largely consistent from one culture to another.

Question 16

Which president of the American Psychological Association wrote a book in 1922 that discussed how wisdom is gained during the aging process?

Accepted Answer

A)  G. Stanley Hall 
B)  Martin Seligman 
C)  William James 
D)  Albert Bandura 
A)  G. Stanley Hall 
B)  Martin Seligman 
C)  William James 
D)  Albert Bandura

Question 17

What role do mentors play in the development of wisdom according to Baltes & Staudinger

Accepted Answer

A)  Mentors do not help people develop wisdom. 
B)  Mentors are important but their effects are sometimes indirect. 
C)  Mentors can hinder the development of wisdom. 
D)  Mentors are required to develop wisdom. 
A)  Mentors do not help people develop wisdom. 
B)  Mentors are important but their effects are sometimes indirect. 
C)  Mentors can hinder the development of wisdom. 
D)  Mentors are required to develop wisdom.

Question 18

Which three factors have been found to be contained within implicit definitions of wisdom by Asian participants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Altruism, harmony, and acceptance 
B)  Altruism, determination, and serenity 
C)  Empathy, serenity, and sacrifice 
D)  Serenity, mutual dependence, and generativity 
A)  Altruism, harmony, and acceptance 
B)  Altruism, determination, and serenity 
C)  Empathy, serenity, and sacrifice 
D)  Serenity, mutual dependence, and generativity

Question 19

Brave behavior accompanied by anger and indignation that intends to enforce societal and ethical norms without considering one's own social costs is the definition of

Accepted Answer

A)  moral courage. 
B)  vital courage. 
C)  civil courage.d. psychological courage. 
A)  moral courage. 
B)  vital courage. 
C)  civil courage.d. psychological courage.

Question 20

What was the basis of Jack Rachman's research on courage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Courageous acts always take place in public. 
B)  Courage is the mirror image of fear. 
C)  Courageous acts require a certain level of physical danger. 
D)  Courage increases as people get older. 
A)  Courageous acts always take place in public. 
B)  Courage is the mirror image of fear. 
C)  Courageous acts require a certain level of physical danger. 
D)  Courage increases as people get older.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four cardinal virtues?

With regard to the building blocks of wisdom, Piaget is to??????_ as Erickson is to_

How many criteria did the Baltes group identify as characteristic of wisdom and wisdom-related performance?

According to Erikson, wisdom is gained through resolving crises associated with

Which of the following was a finding of Monica Ardelt's "Berkeley Guidance Project"?

What did Orwoll and Achenbaum (1993) conclude after reviewing the role of gender in the development of wisdom?

Cross-cultural research of the characteristics related to wisdom has shown that

Who defined courage as "grace under pressure"?

According to Szagun, which age group likened courage to the difficulty of the task at hand along with being fearless?

According to Szagun's research with children on the topic of courage,

The story about the ordeal of Malala Yousafzai best illustrates which type of courage?

Compare the three types of courage in O'Byrne's model and how these classifications fit Cicero's definition of courage.

Which of the following did Baltes NOT find when analyzing cultural-historical and philosophical writings?

Most experts agreed that _____________ is uniquely human, can be learned, increases with age, and can be measured.

Which of the following statements about culture and wisdom is true?

Which president of the American Psychological Association wrote a book in 1922 that discussed how wisdom is gained during the aging process?

What role do mentors play in the development of wisdom according to Baltes & Staudinger

Which three factors have been found to be contained within implicit definitions of wisdom by Asian participants?

Brave behavior accompanied by anger and indignation that intends to enforce societal and ethical norms without considering one's own social costs is the definition of

What was the basis of Jack Rachman's research on courage?

Welcome to Positive Psychology

Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology: How Me We Us Might Bridge the Gap

Classifications and Measures of Strengths and Positive Outcomes

The Role of Culture Developing Strengths and Living Well

Living Well at Every Stage of Life

The Principles of Pleasure: Understanding Positive Affect, Positive Emotions, Happiness and Well-Being

Making the Most of Emotional Experiences: Emotion-Focused Coping, Emotional Intelligence, Socioemotional Selectivity, and Emotional Storytelling

Seeing Our Futures Through Self-Efficacy, Optimism, and Hope

Mindfulness, Flow, and Spirituality: in Search of Optimal Experiences

Empathy and Egotism: Portals to Altruism, Gratitude, and Forgiveness

Attachment, Love, and Flourishing Relationships

Balanced Conceptualizations of Mental Health and Behavior

Preventing the Bad and Promoting the Good

Positive Schooling and Good Work: the Psychology of Gainful Employment and the Education That Gets Us There

Filters

Exam 9: Wisdom and Courage: Characteristics of the Wise and the Brave

Which of the following is NOT one of the four cardinal virtues?

With regard to the building blocks of wisdom, Piaget is to??????___________ as Erickson is to___________

How many criteria did the Baltes group identify as characteristic of wisdom and wisdom-related performance?

According to Erikson, wisdom is gained through resolving crises associated with

Which of the following was a finding of Monica Ardelt's "Berkeley Guidance Project"?

What did Orwoll and Achenbaum (1993) conclude after reviewing the role of gender in the development of wisdom?

Cross-cultural research of the characteristics related to wisdom has shown that

Who defined courage as "grace under pressure"?

According to Szagun, which age group likened courage to the difficulty of the task at hand along with being fearless?

According to Szagun's research with children on the topic of courage,

The story about the ordeal of Malala Yousafzai best illustrates which type of courage?

Compare the three types of courage in O'Byrne's model and how these classifications fit Cicero's definition of courage.

Which of the following did Baltes NOT find when analyzing cultural-historical and philosophical writings?

Most experts agreed that _____________ is uniquely human, can be learned, increases with age, and can be measured.

Which of the following statements about culture and wisdom is true?

Which president of the American Psychological Association wrote a book in 1922 that discussed how wisdom is gained during the aging process?

What role do mentors play in the development of wisdom according to Baltes & Staudinger

Which three factors have been found to be contained within implicit definitions of wisdom by Asian participants?

Brave behavior accompanied by anger and indignation that intends to enforce societal and ethical norms without considering one's own social costs is the definition of

What was the basis of Jack Rachman's research on courage?

Welcome to Positive Psychology

Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology: How Me We Us Might Bridge the Gap

Classifications and Measures of Strengths and Positive Outcomes

The Role of Culture Developing Strengths and Living Well

Living Well at Every Stage of Life

The Principles of Pleasure: Understanding Positive Affect, Positive Emotions, Happiness and Well-Being

Making the Most of Emotional Experiences: Emotion-Focused Coping, Emotional Intelligence, Socioemotional Selectivity, and Emotional Storytelling

Seeing Our Futures Through Self-Efficacy, Optimism, and Hope

Mindfulness, Flow, and Spirituality: in Search of Optimal Experiences

Empathy and Egotism: Portals to Altruism, Gratitude, and Forgiveness

Attachment, Love, and Flourishing Relationships

Balanced Conceptualizations of Mental Health and Behavior

Preventing the Bad and Promoting the Good

Positive Schooling and Good Work: the Psychology of Gainful Employment and the Education That Gets Us There

Filters

With regard to the building blocks of wisdom, Piaget is to??????_ as Erickson is to_