Question 1

Which of the following describes an event in the visual response process?

Accepted Answer

A) Light energy strikes the retina and excites pigments to release retinal 
B) Light energy strikes the cornea and excites pigments to release retinoic acid 
C) Visual pigments deep in the brain are excited by light transmitted through the retina 
D) Epithelial cells on the surface of the eye respond to light energy by transmitting opsin molecules along nerve pathways to the brain 
A) Light energy strikes the retina and excites pigments to release retinal 
B) Light energy strikes the cornea and excites pigments to release retinoic acid 
C) Visual pigments deep in the brain are excited by light transmitted through the retina 
D) Epithelial cells on the surface of the eye respond to light energy by transmitting opsin molecules along nerve pathways to the brain

Question 2

Knowing the role of vitamin K in the body, in what organ would you expect to find it in large quantities?

Accepted Answer

A) Liver 
B) Pancreas 
C) Gallbladder 
D) Small intestine 
A) Liver 
B) Pancreas 
C) Gallbladder 
D) Small intestine

Question 3

What is the name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in adults?

Accepted Answer

A) Rickets 
B) Osteomalacia 
C) Keratomalacia 
D) Hyperkeratosis 
A) Rickets 
B) Osteomalacia 
C) Keratomalacia 
D) Hyperkeratosis

Question 4

Of the following, which would most readily induce a vitamin K deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) Achlorhydria 
B) Antibiotic therapy 
C) Presence of oxalic acid in food 
D) Insufficient intake of green leafy vegetables 
A) Achlorhydria 
B) Antibiotic therapy 
C) Presence of oxalic acid in food 
D) Insufficient intake of green leafy vegetables

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamin D nutrition?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin D deficiency may be created by a calcium deficiency 
B) Only about one-half of the world's population relies on sunlight to maintain adequate vitamin D nutrition 
C) Prolonged exposure to sunlight degrades the vitamin D precursor in skin, thus preventing vitamin D toxicity 
D) In people living in northern U.S.cities, vitamin D stores from synthesis during the summer are usually sufficient to meet the needs during the winter 
A) Vitamin D deficiency may be created by a calcium deficiency 
B) Only about one-half of the world's population relies on sunlight to maintain adequate vitamin D nutrition 
C) Prolonged exposure to sunlight degrades the vitamin D precursor in skin, thus preventing vitamin D toxicity 
D) In people living in northern U.S.cities, vitamin D stores from synthesis during the summer are usually sufficient to meet the needs during the winter

Question 6

The major function of vitamin E is to inhibit the destruction of

Accepted Answer

A) lysosomes. 
B) free radicals. 
C) mucopolysaccharides. 
D) polyunsaturated fatty acids. 
A) lysosomes. 
B) free radicals. 
C) mucopolysaccharides. 
D) polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Question 7

Jennifer has just had a baby.When she brings Thomas home, she regales you with the details of her hospital stay.She mentions that shortly after the birth, Thomas received an intramuscular injection of vitamin K, and she wondered why this was done, as it made him cry.You explained that it

Accepted Answer

A) was needed to prevent eye disease. 
B) prevented possible bleeding events. 
C) protected the baby from lipid oxidation. 
D) was needed to promote good bone growth. 
A) was needed to prevent eye disease. 
B) prevented possible bleeding events. 
C) protected the baby from lipid oxidation. 
D) was needed to promote good bone growth.

Question 8

Which of the following provides the least amount of precursor vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

A) Corn 
B) Spinach 
C) Carrots 
D) Cantaloupe 
A) Corn 
B) Spinach 
C) Carrots 
D) Cantaloupe

Question 9

Why shouldn't a 7-month pregnant woman be prescribed Accutane?

Accepted Answer

A) It may aggravate existing edema 
B) It may lead to prolongation of labor 
C) It is a teratogen and can be harmful to the baby 
D) It contains high concentrations of vitamin D that can cause birth defects 
A) It may aggravate existing edema 
B) It may lead to prolongation of labor 
C) It is a teratogen and can be harmful to the baby 
D) It contains high concentrations of vitamin D that can cause birth defects

Question 10

Which of the following is associated with the condition known as xerosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Toxicity of vitamin A 
B) Toxicity of beta-carotene 
C) Deficiency of vitamin A 
D) Deficiency of vitamin D 
A) Toxicity of vitamin A 
B) Toxicity of beta-carotene 
C) Deficiency of vitamin A 
D) Deficiency of vitamin D

Question 11

Approximately what percent of the body's vitamin A stores are found in the liver?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 50 
C) 70 
D) 90 
A) 20 
B) 50 
C) 70 
D) 90

Question 12

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin A in foods?

Accepted Answer

A) Anthocyanin in beets masks the presence of beta-carotene 
B) Margarine made from corn oil is a poor source of vitamin A 
C) Most carotenoids can be converted in the body to active vitamin A 
D) Chlorophyll in dark green leafy vegetables masks the presence of beta-carotene 
A) Anthocyanin in beets masks the presence of beta-carotene 
B) Margarine made from corn oil is a poor source of vitamin A 
C) Most carotenoids can be converted in the body to active vitamin A 
D) Chlorophyll in dark green leafy vegetables masks the presence of beta-carotene

Question 13

All of the following are forms of vitamin A except

Accepted Answer

A) retinol. 
B) retinal. 
C) retinoic acid. 
D) retinoquinone. 
A) retinol. 
B) retinal. 
C) retinoic acid. 
D) retinoquinone.

Question 14

Which of the following is the most likely side effect for a person who regularly consumes large quantities of carrots or carrot juice?

Accepted Answer

A) Bone pain 
B) Dermatitis 
C) Skin yellowing 
D) Vitamin A toxicity 
A) Bone pain 
B) Dermatitis 
C) Skin yellowing 
D) Vitamin A toxicity

Question 15

What is a free radical?

Accepted Answer

A) An antioxidant substance that prevents accumulation of cell-damaging oxides 
B) A substance in food that interacts with nutrients to decrease their utilization 
C) A nutrient in excess of body needs that the body is free to degrade with no consequence 
D) A molecule that is unstable and highly reactive because it contains unpaired electrons 
A) An antioxidant substance that prevents accumulation of cell-damaging oxides 
B) A substance in food that interacts with nutrients to decrease their utilization 
C) A nutrient in excess of body needs that the body is free to degrade with no consequence 
D) A molecule that is unstable and highly reactive because it contains unpaired electrons

Question 16

Which of the following enables much of the world's population to maintain adequate vitamin D status?

Accepted Answer

A) Outdoor exposure of the skin to sunlight 
B) Wide availability of low-cost fish products 
C) Wide availability of food assistance programs 
D) World Health Organization distribution of vitamin D capsules 
A) Outdoor exposure of the skin to sunlight 
B) Wide availability of low-cost fish products 
C) Wide availability of food assistance programs 
D) World Health Organization distribution of vitamin D capsules

Question 17

Why does vitamin A status depend on the person's protein status?

Accepted Answer

A) Adequate protein intake is a marker for liberal intake of the vitamin 
B) Dietary protein assures synthesis of the vitamin's GI tract transporter 
C) Adequate protein intake reduces the risk for infection from bacteria that degrade the vitamin 
D) Transport of the vitamin within the body requires sufficient protein to synthesize retinol-binding protein 
A) Adequate protein intake is a marker for liberal intake of the vitamin 
B) Dietary protein assures synthesis of the vitamin's GI tract transporter 
C) Adequate protein intake reduces the risk for infection from bacteria that degrade the vitamin 
D) Transport of the vitamin within the body requires sufficient protein to synthesize retinol-binding protein

Question 18

Vitamin A supplements are helpful in treating which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) Acne 
B) Rickets 
C) Osteomalacia 
D) Night blindness 
A) Acne 
B) Rickets 
C) Osteomalacia 
D) Night blindness

Question 19

Which of the following conditions may improve with vitamin E therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) Diabetes 
B) Pernicious anemia 
C) Muscular dystrophy 
D) Intermittent claudication 
A) Diabetes 
B) Pernicious anemia 
C) Muscular dystrophy 
D) Intermittent claudication

Question 20

How many micrograms of dietary beta-carotene are equivalent to 1 retinol activity equivalent?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 12 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 12

Exam 11: The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Which of the following describes an event in the visual response process?

Knowing the role of vitamin K in the body, in what organ would you expect to find it in large quantities?

What is the name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in adults?

Of the following, which would most readily induce a vitamin K deficiency?

Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamin D nutrition?

The major function of vitamin E is to inhibit the destruction of

Jennifer has just had a baby.When she brings Thomas home, she regales you with the details of her hospital stay.She mentions that shortly after the birth, Thomas received an intramuscular injection of vitamin K, and she wondered why this was done, as it made him cry.You explained that it

Which of the following provides the least amount of precursor vitamin A?

Why shouldn't a 7-month pregnant woman be prescribed Accutane?

Which of the following is associated with the condition known as xerosis?

Approximately what percent of the body's vitamin A stores are found in the liver?

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin A in foods?

All of the following are forms of vitamin A except

Which of the following is the most likely side effect for a person who regularly consumes large quantities of carrots or carrot juice?

What is a free radical?

Which of the following enables much of the world's population to maintain adequate vitamin D status?

Why does vitamin A status depend on the person's protein status?

Vitamin A supplements are helpful in treating which of the following conditions?

Which of the following conditions may improve with vitamin E therapy?

How many micrograms of dietary beta-carotene are equivalent to 1 retinol activity equivalent?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

Filters