Exam 13: Understanding Key Transitions In World Prehistory

Maya hieroglyphics were used to record:

The period during which people began using ground stone tools, manufacturing ceramics, and relying on domesticated plants and animals is known in the Near East as the:

Although unilineal cultural evolution collapsed under the assault by Boas and his students and is still rejected by anthropology today, archaeological data do show strong regularities in human cultural evolution.

Nineteenth century social Darwinism provided justification for:

Unilineal cultural evolution and the comparative method were rooted in:

Ideology is a set of cultural, religious, or cosmological beliefs that rationalizes exploitative relations between classes or social groups, masking the fact that one group is exploiting another.

Explanations for the collapse of culture on Rapa Nui include:

The Maya developed three calendrical accounts of time using complex astronomical observations and mathematics. Which two calendar types overlap so that a renewal point is reached every 52 years?

A basic knowledge of plant reproduction is necessary for an agriculturalist, but such knowledge is not sufficient to inspire all foragers to transform themselves into agriculturalists.

Evidence supporting the idea of Unilineal Evolution includes the adoption of agriculture; ethnographic data show that once hunter-gatherers become aware of agricultural techniques, they adopt them quickly.

Prior to about 12,000 years ago, all humans lived in chiefdoms.

The difference between sufficient and necessary conditions in an explanation is that sufficient conditions are

Plant and animal domestication occurred independently in several centers across the globe. Which of the following is not a major independent hearth of plant domestication?

If you live in a city with a high population density, with different types of specialized subsistence strategies and non- food producing specialists, where elites control access to strategic resources and where social organization is based on class membership (elite or commoner), you live in a:

Egalitarian societies are associated with , while chiefdoms and states are associated with .

The theory made popular by V. Gordon Childe in the 1940s, explaining the origin of animal domestication as a response by animals and people to arid conditions following the end of the Pleistocene, which caused them to congregate around water sources is the:

The process through which some individuals survive and reproduce at higher rates than others because of their genetic heritage is known as:

A(n) perspective demonstrates that the first plants to be domesticated and eventually turned into today's agricultural staples began as wild plants with low return rates, plants that were used when other, better resources were depleted.

The theory proposed by Robert Braidwood, arguing that agriculture arose in areas where the wild ancestors of domesticated wheat and barley grew, and resulted from human efforts to increase the productivity and stability of their food base, is the:

The density equilibrium model argues that people will adopt domesticated plants and agriculture whenever they are exposed to them because of the superior productivity of agriculture.