Chat with AIExam 8: Oculomotor Control and the Control of Attention
Stimulation of a brain region leads to a saccade that is of the same direction and amplitude every time. What type of saccade is this?
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VerifiedB
Describe the difference between the antisaccade and delayed-saccade tasks.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe antisaccade and delayed-saccade tasks are both used to study eye movements and cognitive control, but they have different goals and require different cognitive processes.
In the antisaccade task, participants are instructed to look away from a suddenly appearing stimulus. This requires inhibiting the automatic response to look towards the stimulus and instead making a voluntary eye movement in the opposite direction. The goal of the antisaccade task is to measure the ability to suppress reflexive eye movements and to assess cognitive control and inhibitory processes.
On the other hand, the delayed-saccade task requires participants to make a voluntary eye movement towards a target after a delay period. This task measures the ability to plan and execute a voluntary eye movement, as well as the ability to maintain the intention to move the eyes during the delay period. The delayed-saccade task is used to study the neural mechanisms underlying voluntary eye movements and the role of working memory in eye movement control.
In summary, the main difference between the antisaccade and delayed-saccade tasks lies in the type of eye movement required (inhibiting a reflexive movement vs. executing a voluntary movement) and the cognitive processes involved (inhibitory control vs. working memory and planning). Both tasks are valuable tools for studying cognitive control and eye movement behavior.
What region of the brainstem is critical for bringing together maps of motor and sensory neurons in order to control eye movements?
(30) VerifiedC
The ventral attentional system is associated with the _____ control of attention, and the dorsal attentional system with the _____ control.
(31) What are advantages of multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) relative to univariate methods for the analysis of fMRI data?
(39) Neurons in the frontal eye fields (FEF) primarily code for _____ saccades whereas the supplementary eye fields (SEF) primarily code for _____ saccades.
(35) During reading our eyes spend most of the time fixating words and performing what type of eye movements?
(40) What is the evidence that spatial attention, eye-movement planning, and spatial short-term memory may rely on a common neural mechanism?
(31) During what periods of a delayed-saccade task can one observe elevated activity in the frontal eye fields?
(38) If you are watching an object that is moving toward you, your eyes will perform a conjugate eye movement.
(40) Describe the premotor theory of attention. How does it explain covert attentional control?
(40) Describe the difference between a blocked and an event-related fMRI design. What is the one major advantage of a blocked design over an event-related design?
(33) In the antisaccade task, which region's saccade-related activity begins earliest?
(30) What region of the brain houses local circuitry for oculomotor neurons, and is analogous to the motor circuitry of the spinal cord?
(27) According to the reentry hypothesis of visual search, what is a source of top-down attentional signals on V4 neurons?
(27) While listening to an orchestra, despite the fact that all the instruments are playing at the same time, one can nonetheless attend to the sound from just one group of instruments (say, the clarinets). What type of attentional control does this demonstrate?
(19) Microstimulation of which eye-movement-related brain region leads to covert shifts of spatial attention?
(34) The dorsal attentional system is responsible for endogenous attentional control.
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