Exam 12: Correlation Tests and Simple Linear Regression

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Research done in educational settings often involves a quasi-experiment, because the researcher cannot affect the classroom students are in or the teacher they have.

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In this design, the researcher considers the difference between the pretest and posttest scores across the control and experimental groups.

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Explain why quasi-experiments are not as useful as experiments in answering causal research questions.

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Because groups are randomly assigned in quasi-experiments, there is always the possibility that a third variable has caused the group difference. This third variable can obscure the test of the causal research question.

Which of the following represents a quasi-experiment?

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Effects of history and other sources of bias that occur over time) are least likely to occur in pretest-posttest designs.

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These natural changes that occur to the participants during the course of a study that can result in bias:

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Explain how time series designs are different from other pretest-posttest designs.

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These are events that occur during the course of a study to all or individual participants that can result in bias:

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The Solomon four-group design is a pretest-posttest design where

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Quasi-experiments are the most useful designs for answering causal research questions.

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Limitations of time series designs exist due to possible extraneous factors that may affect a score pattern change other than the treatment or event of interest.

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Quasi-experiments involve comparing groups of non-randomly assigned subjects.

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This can occur when participants score higher or lower than their personal average-the next time they are tested, they are more likely to score near their personal average, making scores unreliable.

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This is a type of research design where behavior is measured both before and after a treatment or condition is implemented.

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Many applied studies that examine realistic behaviors make use of quasi-experiments because random assignment would be difficult or impossible or unethical.

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Explain the difference between interrupted and non-interrupted time series designs.

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Attrition is best handled by inclusion of a control group.

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The researcher compares the scores from the pretest and the posttest, looking for a change based on the treatment or condition occurring between the two measurements.

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A time series design where the "treatment" is implemented by the researcher is called an):

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It would be ____________ to randomly assign some participants to smoke in order to conduct an experiment because this would force participants to endure something harmful.

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