Question 1

Regarding how personality develops through the life span, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Newborn babies differ in temperament, which implies that this aspect of personality is hereditary. 
B)  Most people continue to become more conscientious, agreeable, and emotionally stable as they mature. 
C)  The stereotypes of the "grumpy old man" and "cranky old woman" are largely unfounded (untrue). 
D)  Personality stabilizes around age 15 and continues to "harden" through age 35. 
A)  Newborn babies differ in temperament, which implies that this aspect of personality is hereditary. 
B)  Most people continue to become more conscientious, agreeable, and emotionally stable as they mature. 
C)  The stereotypes of the "grumpy old man" and "cranky old woman" are largely unfounded (untrue). 
D)  Personality stabilizes around age 15 and continues to "harden" through age 35. D

Question 2

Describe the characteristics of persons fixated at the oral, anal, and phallic stages; and what situations cause them to develop, according to Freud.

Accepted Answer

Answer will include that fixations occur when a child does not pass successfully through a psychosexual stage, either because they were indulged or frustrated during their development.Fixation early in the oral stage produces an oral-dependent personality.Oral dependent people are gullible (they swallow things easily)and passive and need lots of attention (they want to be mothered and showered with gifts).Frustration later in the oral stage may cause aggression, often in the form of biting.Fixations here create cynical, oral-aggressive adults who exploit others.They also like to argue ("biting sarcasm").Harsh or lenient toilet training can cause anal-retentive and anal-expulsive, respectively.Freud described the anal-retentive (holding-on)personality as obstinate, stingy, orderly, and compulsively clean.The anal-expulsive (letting-go)personality is disorderly, destructive, cruel, or messy.Adult traits of the phallic personality are vanity, exhibitionism, sensitive pride, and narcissism (self-love).These develop between ages three and six as the child deals with increasing sexual interest.

Question 3

Which of the following base their theories on scientific research and have been accused of approaching personality as if people are robots?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorists 
B)  psychoanalysts 
C)  humanists 
D)  trait theorists 
A)  behaviorists 
B)  psychoanalysts 
C)  humanists 
D)  trait theorists A

Question 4

A personality theory must include

Accepted Answer

A)  connotative meanings. 
B)  somatotypic guidelines. 
C)  statistical assessment techniques. 
D)  concepts, assumptions, ideas, and principles. 
A)  connotative meanings. 
B)  somatotypic guidelines. 
C)  statistical assessment techniques. 
D)  concepts, assumptions, ideas, and principles.

Question 5

When Lance was rated using The Dirty Dozen rating scale, he scored high on these statements: "I tend to want others to admire me"; "I tend to want others to pay attention to me"; "I tend to seek prestige or status"; and "I tend to expect special favors from others." His high scores on these statements are most associated with which trait?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​psychopathy 
B)  ​neuroticism 
C)  ​narcissism 
D)  ​Machiavellianism 
A)  ​psychopathy 
B)  ​neuroticism 
C)  ​narcissism 
D)  ​Machiavellianism

Question 6

According to Freud, feelings of guilt and pride are generated by one's

Accepted Answer

A)  actualized self. 
B)  ideal self. 
C)  ego. 
D)  superego. 
A)  actualized self. 
B)  ideal self. 
C)  ego. 
D)  superego.

Question 7

The description of a person's character implies

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of rating scales. 
B)  the use of multiple observers. 
C)  the use of situational testing. 
D)  judgment about the desirability of traits. 
A)  the use of rating scales. 
B)  the use of multiple observers. 
C)  the use of situational testing. 
D)  judgment about the desirability of traits.

Question 8

A self-centeredness often based on feelings of superiority​ best defines the trait of

Accepted Answer

A)  ​psychopathy. 
B)  ​narcissism. 
C)  ​neuroticism. 
D)  cynicism. 
A)  ​psychopathy. 
B)  ​narcissism. 
C)  ​neuroticism. 
D)  cynicism.

Question 9

According to Freud, the ego ideal and the conscience are subparts of the

Accepted Answer

A)  libido. 
B)  id. 
C)  superego. 
D)  ego. 
A)  libido. 
B)  id. 
C)  superego. 
D)  ego.

Question 10

When parents attempt toilet training, the child can gain approval or express rebellion or aggression by "holding on" or by "letting go." Therefore, Freud believed that harsh or lenient toilet training could cause which type of fixation?

Accepted Answer

A)  phallic 
B)  latency 
C)  anal 
D)  genital 
A)  phallic 
B)  latency 
C)  anal 
D)  genital

Question 11

Learning principles, modeling, thought patterns, perceptions, expectations, beliefs, goals, emotions, and social relationships are combined in which theory of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning theory 
B)  neo-Freudian theory 
C)  behavioral humanist theory 
D)  psychodynamic theory 
A)  social learning theory 
B)  neo-Freudian theory 
C)  behavioral humanist theory 
D)  psychodynamic theory

Question 12

One problem psychologists have with personality types is they

Accepted Answer

A)  are hereditary constructs. 
B)  oversimplify personality. 
C)  describe character, not personality. 
D)  are not observable or measurable. 
A)  are hereditary constructs. 
B)  oversimplify personality. 
C)  describe character, not personality. 
D)  are not observable or measurable.

Question 13

According to behavioral personality theorists, hostility, generosity, or destructive impulses

Accepted Answer

A)  arise in the unconscious. 
B)  are acquired through conditioning and reinforcement. 
C)  are strongly influenced by one's self-image. 
D)  develop from initial feelings of inferiority. 
A)  arise in the unconscious. 
B)  are acquired through conditioning and reinforcement. 
C)  are strongly influenced by one's self-image. 
D)  develop from initial feelings of inferiority.

Question 14

Once personality traits are identified, they can be used to predict future behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Suppose the superego were a hungry person in a crowded cafeteria.The superego would most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  walk out. 
B)  wait in line. 
C)  push to the head of the line. 
D)  feel guilty about not letting other people go ahead of him or her in the line. 
A)  walk out. 
B)  wait in line. 
C)  push to the head of the line. 
D)  feel guilty about not letting other people go ahead of him or her in the line.

Question 16

The MMPI-2 has scales that

Accepted Answer

A)  detect attempts by test takers to "fake good" or "fake bad." 
B)  uncover defensiveness or tendencies to exaggerate shortcomings and troubles. 
C)  can identify substance abuse, eating disorders, family problems, and an inability to function in a job. 
D)  can do all of these. 
A)  detect attempts by test takers to "fake good" or "fake bad." 
B)  uncover defensiveness or tendencies to exaggerate shortcomings and troubles. 
C)  can identify substance abuse, eating disorders, family problems, and an inability to function in a job. 
D)  can do all of these.

Question 17

According to Freud, the Oedipus and Electra conflicts occur during the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  anal 
B)  oral 
C)  phallic 
D)  genital 
A)  anal 
B)  oral 
C)  phallic 
D)  genital

Question 18

Trait theorists believe that we have a hereditary readiness to behave in particular ways since they think of traits as

Accepted Answer

A)  miniature cardinal types. 
B)  biological predispositions. 
C)  character profiles. 
D)  possible selves. 
A)  miniature cardinal types. 
B)  biological predispositions. 
C)  character profiles. 
D)  possible selves.

Question 19

According to Carl Rogers, when parents label some of their children's feelings as bad or wrong, such as a young boy being told that "big boys don't cry," the children develop internal standards of evaluation called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Carl Rogers, when parents label...

Question 20

According to Rogers, conditions of worth often lead to a denial of one's true feelings and experiences, which prevent a person from developing a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  positive self-regard. 
B)  conscience. 
C)  ego ideal. 
D)  ideal self. 
A)  positive self-regard. 
B)  conscience. 
C)  ego ideal. 
D)  ideal self.

Regarding how personality develops through the life span, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Describe the characteristics of persons fixated at the oral, anal, and phallic stages; and what situations cause them to develop, according to Freud.

Which of the following base their theories on scientific research and have been accused of approaching personality as if people are robots?

A personality theory must include

According to Freud, feelings of guilt and pride are generated by one's

The description of a person's character implies

A self-centeredness often based on feelings of superiority best defines the trait of

According to Freud, the ego ideal and the conscience are subparts of the

When parents attempt toilet training, the child can gain approval or express rebellion or aggression by "holding on" or by "letting go." Therefore, Freud believed that harsh or lenient toilet training could cause which type of fixation?

Learning principles, modeling, thought patterns, perceptions, expectations, beliefs, goals, emotions, and social relationships are combined in which theory of personality?

One problem psychologists have with personality types is they

According to behavioral personality theorists, hostility, generosity, or destructive impulses

Once personality traits are identified, they can be used to predict future behavior.

Suppose the superego were a hungry person in a crowded cafeteria.The superego would most likely

The MMPI-2 has scales that

According to Freud, the Oedipus and Electra conflicts occur during the __________ stage.

Trait theorists believe that we have a hereditary readiness to behave in particular ways since they think of traits as

According to Carl Rogers, when parents label some of their children's feelings as bad or wrong, such as a young boy being told that "big boys don't cry," the children develop internal standards of evaluation called __________.

According to Rogers, conditions of worth often lead to a denial of one's true feelings and experiences, which prevent a person from developing a(n)

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

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Exam 12: Personality.

Regarding how personality develops through the life span, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Describe the characteristics of persons fixated at the oral, anal, and phallic stages; and what situations cause them to develop, according to Freud.

Which of the following base their theories on scientific research and have been accused of approaching personality as if people are robots?

A personality theory must include

According to Freud, feelings of guilt and pride are generated by one's

The description of a person's character implies

A self-centeredness often based on feelings of superiority​ best defines the trait of

According to Freud, the ego ideal and the conscience are subparts of the

When parents attempt toilet training, the child can gain approval or express rebellion or aggression by "holding on" or by "letting go." Therefore, Freud believed that harsh or lenient toilet training could cause which type of fixation?

Learning principles, modeling, thought patterns, perceptions, expectations, beliefs, goals, emotions, and social relationships are combined in which theory of personality?

One problem psychologists have with personality types is they

According to behavioral personality theorists, hostility, generosity, or destructive impulses

Once personality traits are identified, they can be used to predict future behavior.

Suppose the superego were a hungry person in a crowded cafeteria.The superego would most likely

The MMPI-2 has scales that

According to Freud, the Oedipus and Electra conflicts occur during the __________ stage.

Trait theorists believe that we have a hereditary readiness to behave in particular ways since they think of traits as

According to Carl Rogers, when parents label some of their children's feelings as bad or wrong, such as a young boy being told that "big boys don't cry," the children develop internal standards of evaluation called __________.

According to Rogers, conditions of worth often lead to a denial of one's true feelings and experiences, which prevent a person from developing a(n)

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

Filters

A self-centeredness often based on feelings of superiority best defines the trait of