Question 1

The nurse flushing a PRN lock will select the appropriate fluid and will clear the lumen by:

Accepted Answer

A) flushing forcefully to clear. 
B) using slow, gentle pressure. 
C) flushing hard enough to clear resistance. 
D) aspirating prior to flushing. 
A) flushing forcefully to clear. 
B) using slow, gentle pressure. 
C) flushing hard enough to clear resistance. 
D) aspirating prior to flushing. B

Question 2

The nurse explains that the active transport process that is able to move sodium and potassium into or out of cells is:

Accepted Answer

A) filtration. 
B) sodium pump. 
C) diffusion. 
D) osmosis. 
A) filtration. 
B) sodium pump. 
C) diffusion. 
D) osmosis. B

Question 3

Matching
The nurse explains that the chain of events that results in hypocalcemia for the patient in early renal failure is: (Match the events to the proper sequence.)

-Step: 4

Accepted Answer

A) loss of calcium ions. 
B) vitamin D not activated. 
C) bone loss. 
D) retention of phosphates. 
E) loss of absorption of calcium from the GI tract. 
A) loss of calcium ions. 
B) vitamin D not activated. 
C) bone loss. 
D) retention of phosphates. 
E) loss of absorption of calcium from the GI tract. E

Question 4

The patient with long-term obstructive pulmonary disease has a pH of 7,HCO3- of 18 mEq/L,and a PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg.From this laboratory information,the nurse assesses the patient is in:

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory alkalosis. 
B) metabolic alkalosis. 
C) respiratory acidosis. 
D) metabolic acidosis. 
A) respiratory alkalosis. 
B) metabolic alkalosis. 
C) respiratory acidosis. 
D) metabolic acidosis.

Question 5

The primary care provider writes an order for the patient to receive an IV of a solution that has the same osmotic pressure as intracellular fluid.The nurse would correctly question which of the following IV orders? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) 5% dextrose in water 
B) 0.45% sodium chloride 
C) 5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride 
D) Lactated Ringer's solution 
E) 0.9% sodium chloride 
A) 5% dextrose in water 
B) 0.45% sodium chloride 
C) 5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride 
D) Lactated Ringer's solution 
E) 0.9% sodium chloride

Question 6

The nurse reminds the patient that the three body mechanisms that attempt to compensate to correct acid-base imbalances are the __________ system,the __________ system,and the __________.

Accepted Answer

buffer;respiratory;kidneys
res

Question 7

The patient who has had diarrhea for the last 3 days has blood gases of pH of 7.1,HCO3- of 20 mEq/L,and PCO2 of 36 mm Hg.The nurse recognizes these values indicate:

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory alkalosis. 
B) metabolic alkalosis. 
C) respiratory acidosis. 
D) metabolic acidosis. 
A) respiratory alkalosis. 
B) metabolic alkalosis. 
C) respiratory acidosis. 
D) metabolic acidosis.

Question 8

The nurse demonstrates knowledge of IV solutions by identifying that the IV solution which provides free water,as well as 340 calories/L,is ______________.

Accepted Answer

10% dextrose in water
10% dext

Question 9

Matching
The nurse explains that the chain of events that results in hypocalcemia for the patient in early renal failure is: (Match the events to the proper sequence.)

-Step: 1

Accepted Answer

A) loss of calcium ions. 
B) vitamin D not activated. 
C) bone loss. 
D) retention of phosphates. 
E) loss of absorption of calcium from the GI tract. 
A) loss of calcium ions. 
B) vitamin D not activated. 
C) bone loss. 
D) retention of phosphates. 
E) loss of absorption of calcium from the GI tract.

Question 10

The nurse is assessing the hydration status of the patient.The nurse demonstrates knowledge of proper assessment techniques by: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) monitoring the patient's daily weight. 
B) assessing the patient's skin turgor on the back of the hand. 
C) checking the patient's blood glucose level 4 times a day. 
D) assessing for skin tenting on the patient's forehead. 
E) asking the patient if he is experiencing thirst. 
A) monitoring the patient's daily weight. 
B) assessing the patient's skin turgor on the back of the hand. 
C) checking the patient's blood glucose level 4 times a day. 
D) assessing for skin tenting on the patient's forehead. 
E) asking the patient if he is experiencing thirst.

Question 11

Prior to hanging an IV containing potassium,the nurse will confirm that there is a:

Accepted Answer

A) blood pressure of at least 60 mm Hg diastolic. 
B) urine output of at least 30 mL/hr. 
C) filter on the IV line. 
D) pulse of at least 50 beats/min. 
A) blood pressure of at least 60 mm Hg diastolic. 
B) urine output of at least 30 mL/hr. 
C) filter on the IV line. 
D) pulse of at least 50 beats/min.

Question 12

While the nurse is washing the face of a patient in renal failure,the patient demonstrates a spasm of the lips and face.The nurse examines the recent electrolyte levels to assess the level of:

Accepted Answer

A) potassium. 
B) calcium. 
C) sodium. 
D) magnesium. 
A) potassium. 
B) calcium. 
C) sodium. 
D) magnesium.

Question 13

To help prevent respiratory acidosis in a young person with asthma,the nurse would encourage:

Accepted Answer

A) deep-breathing exercises every 2 hours. 
B) drinking 8 ounces of fluid every 4 hours. 
C) ambulating for 15 minutes twice a day. 
D) sleeping with the head of the bed elevated 45 degrees. 
A) deep-breathing exercises every 2 hours. 
B) drinking 8 ounces of fluid every 4 hours. 
C) ambulating for 15 minutes twice a day. 
D) sleeping with the head of the bed elevated 45 degrees.

Question 14

The nurse explains to the 85-year-old patient with a temperature that,with each degree of fever,the body loses _____% of water.

Accepted Answer

10
With each degree

Question 15

The nurse is assessing a patient with renal failure and notes fatigue,muscle cramps,confusion,and headache.The nurse will monitor the patient's _____ level.

Accepted Answer

A) potassium 
B) sodium 
C) calcium 
D) chloride 
A) potassium 
B) sodium 
C) calcium 
D) chloride

Question 16

The count of the solution in the IV container at the beginning of the shift is 800 mL.A new 1000-mL bag was hung during the shift and has 650 mL left at the end of the shift.The nurse reports the IV fluid intake for the shift as _____ mL.

Accepted Answer

A) 1000 
B) 1050 
C) 1100 
D) 1150 
A) 1000 
B) 1050 
C) 1100 
D) 1150

Question 17

Because there are no IV pumps available for the immediate infusion of an IV medication,the nurse must calculate the flow rate for 500 mL to run for 4 hours,using a set that delivers 15 gtt/mL.The flow rate should be _____ gtt/min.

Accepted Answer

A) 30 
B) 35 
C) 40 
D) 45 
A) 30 
B) 35 
C) 40 
D) 45

Question 18

The nurse assessing the IV insertion site finds the vein hard,the skin red and tender,and a blood return in the IV line.The most effective intervention after removing the IV catheter is to:

Accepted Answer

A) notify the charge nurse. 
B) elevate the arm above the level of the heart. 
C) clean the site with alcohol and apply cool compresses. 
D) apply a warm moist pack. 
A) notify the charge nurse. 
B) elevate the arm above the level of the heart. 
C) clean the site with alcohol and apply cool compresses. 
D) apply a warm moist pack.

Question 19

Matching
The nurse explains that the chain of events that results in hypocalcemia for the patient in early renal failure is: (Match the events to the proper sequence.)

-Step: 2

Accepted Answer

A) loss of calcium ions. 
B) vitamin D not activated. 
C) bone loss. 
D) retention of phosphates. 
E) loss of absorption of calcium from the GI tract. 
A) loss of calcium ions. 
B) vitamin D not activated. 
C) bone loss. 
D) retention of phosphates. 
E) loss of absorption of calcium from the GI tract.

Question 20

The nurse can record that the compensatory mechanism for the correction of metabolic acidosis is in effect when the nurse observes:

Accepted Answer

A) increased urinary output. 
B) reduced abdominal distention. 
C) Kussmaul's respirations. 
D) decreased blood pressure. 
A) increased urinary output. 
B) reduced abdominal distention. 
C) Kussmaul's respirations. 
D) decreased blood pressure.

Exam 3: Fluid, electrolytes, acid-base Balance, and Intravenous Therapy

The nurse flushing a PRN lock will select the appropriate fluid and will clear the lumen by:

The nurse explains that the active transport process that is able to move sodium and potassium into or out of cells is:

Matching The nurse explains that the chain of events that results in hypocalcemia for the patient in early renal failure is: (Match the events to the proper sequence.) -Step: 4

The patient with long-term obstructive pulmonary disease has a pH of 7,HCO3- of 18 mEq/L,and a PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg.From this laboratory information,the nurse assesses the patient is in:

The primary care provider writes an order for the patient to receive an IV of a solution that has the same osmotic pressure as intracellular fluid.The nurse would correctly question which of the following IV orders? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse reminds the patient that the three body mechanisms that attempt to compensate to correct acid-base imbalances are the __________ system,the __________ system,and the __________.

The patient who has had diarrhea for the last 3 days has blood gases of pH of 7.1,HCO3- of 20 mEq/L,and PCO2 of 36 mm Hg.The nurse recognizes these values indicate:

The nurse demonstrates knowledge of IV solutions by identifying that the IV solution which provides free water,as well as 340 calories/L,is ______________.

Matching The nurse explains that the chain of events that results in hypocalcemia for the patient in early renal failure is: (Match the events to the proper sequence.) -Step: 1

The nurse is assessing the hydration status of the patient.The nurse demonstrates knowledge of proper assessment techniques by: (Select all that apply.)

Prior to hanging an IV containing potassium,the nurse will confirm that there is a:

While the nurse is washing the face of a patient in renal failure,the patient demonstrates a spasm of the lips and face.The nurse examines the recent electrolyte levels to assess the level of:

To help prevent respiratory acidosis in a young person with asthma,the nurse would encourage:

The nurse explains to the 85-year-old patient with a temperature that,with each degree of fever,the body loses _____% of water.

The nurse is assessing a patient with renal failure and notes fatigue,muscle cramps,confusion,and headache.The nurse will monitor the patient's _____ level.

The count of the solution in the IV container at the beginning of the shift is 800 mL.A new 1000-mL bag was hung during the shift and has 650 mL left at the end of the shift.The nurse reports the IV fluid intake for the shift as _____ mL.

Because there are no IV pumps available for the immediate infusion of an IV medication,the nurse must calculate the flow rate for 500 mL to run for 4 hours,using a set that delivers 15 gtt/mL.The flow rate should be _____ gtt/min.

The nurse assessing the IV insertion site finds the vein hard,the skin red and tender,and a blood return in the IV line.The most effective intervention after removing the IV catheter is to:

Matching The nurse explains that the chain of events that results in hypocalcemia for the patient in early renal failure is: (Match the events to the proper sequence.) -Step: 2

The nurse can record that the compensatory mechanism for the correction of metabolic acidosis is in effect when the nurse observes:

Caring for Medical surgical Patients

Critical Thinking and Nursing Process

Care of Preoperative and Intraoperative Surgical Patients

Care of Postoperative Surgical Patients

Infection Prevention and Control

Care of Patients With Pain

Care of Patients With Cancer

Chronic Illness and Rehabilitation

the Immune and Lymphatic Systems

Care of Patient With Hiv/aids

Care of Patients With Immune and Lymphatic Disorders

the Respiratory System

Care of Patients With Disorders of the Upper Respiratory System

Care of Patients With Disorders of the Lower Respiratory System

the Hematologic System

Care of Patients With Hematologic Disorders

the Cardiovascular System

Care of Patients With Hypertension and Peripheral Vascular Disease

Care of Patients With Cardiac Disorders

Care of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Surgery

the Neurologic System

Care of Patients With Head and Spinal Cord Injuries

Care of Patients With Disorders of the Brain

Care of Patients With Peripheral Nerve and Degenerative Neurologic Disorders

the Sensory System: Eye and Ear

Care of Patients With Disorders of the Eyes and Ears

the Gastrointestinal System

Care of Patients With Disorders of the Upper Gastrointestinal System

Care of Patients With Disorders of the Lower Gastrointestinal System

Care of Patients With Disorders of the Gallbladder,liver,and Pancreas

the Musculoskeletal System

Care of Patients With Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders

the Urinary System

Care of Patients With Disorders of the Urinary System

the Endocrine System

Care of Patients With Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and Adrenal Disorders

Care of Patients With Diabetes and Hypoglycemia

Care of Women With Reproductive Disorders

Care of Men With Reproductive Disorders

Care of Patients With Sexually Transmitted Infections

the Integumentary System

Care of Patients With Integumentary Disorders and Burns

Care of Patients in Disasters or Bioterrorism Attack

Care of Patients With Trauma or Shock

Care of Patients With Anxiety, mood, and Eating Disorders

Care of Patients With Substance Abuse Disorders

Care of Patients With Cognitive Disorders

Care of Patients With Thought and Personality Disorders

Filters

The patient with long-term obstructive pulmonary disease has a pH of 7,HCO₃- of 18 mEq/L,and a PaCO₂ of 40 mm Hg.From this laboratory information,the nurse assesses the patient is in:

The nurse reminds the patient that the three body mechanisms that attempt to compensate to correct acid-base imbalances are the system,the system,and the __.

The patient who has had diarrhea for the last 3 days has blood gases of pH of 7.1,HCO₃- of 20 mEq/L,and PCO₂ of 36 mm Hg.The nurse recognizes these values indicate: