Question 1

When concordance rates are higher among monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins, this indicates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is partially a genetic basis. 
B)  There is partially an environmental basis. 
C)  There is a 100% environmental cause. 
D)  There is a 100% genetic cause. 
A)  There is partially a genetic basis. 
B)  There is partially an environmental basis. 
C)  There is a 100% environmental cause. 
D)  There is a 100% genetic cause.

Question 2

Infants born with the effects of rubella (German measles) have greatly decreased since the 1960s because ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  vaccinations for infectious diseases have increased 
B)  funding for Medicaid and Medicare have increased 
C)  fluoride has been added to the water 
D)  folic acid has been added to grain products 
A)  vaccinations for infectious diseases have increased 
B)  funding for Medicaid and Medicare have increased 
C)  fluoride has been added to the water 
D)  folic acid has been added to grain products

Question 3

What is the condition when infants are born with parts of their brain missing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spina bifida 
B)  Anencephaly 
C)  Microcephaly 
D)  Exoancephaly 
A)  Spina bifida 
B)  Anencephaly 
C)  Microcephaly 
D)  Exoancephaly

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of an incomplete dominant inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Down syndrome 
B)  Fragile X 
C)  Sickle-cell anaemia 
D)  HIV 
A)  Down syndrome 
B)  Fragile X 
C)  Sickle-cell anaemia 
D)  HIV

Question 5

What is the name of the downy hair that covers the foetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lanugo 
B)  Vernix 
C)  Keratin 
D)  Ossicles 
A)  Lanugo 
B)  Vernix 
C)  Keratin 
D)  Ossicles

Question 6

What are possible side effects for the baby of a woman who gains less than 9 kilograms during her pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Down syndrome and Fragile X 
B)  Gestational diabetes 
C)  High blood pressure and gastrointestinal problems 
D)  The baby may be born preterm with a low birth weight 
A)  Down syndrome and Fragile X 
B)  Gestational diabetes 
C)  High blood pressure and gastrointestinal problems 
D)  The baby may be born preterm with a low birth weight

Question 7

What are the first 2 weeks after fertilisation referred to as?

Accepted Answer

A)  The germinal period 
B)  The embryonic period 
C)  The foetal period 
D)  The fertilisation period 
A)  The germinal period 
B)  The embryonic period 
C)  The foetal period 
D)  The fertilisation period

Question 8

The concept of reaction range proposes that ____ establish(es) boundaries, whereas ____ determines where a person falls within that range.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetics; environment 
B)  environment; genetics 
C)  phenotype; genotype 
D)  polygenetic inheritance; homogenetic inheritance 
A)  genetics; environment 
B)  environment; genetics 
C)  phenotype; genotype 
D)  polygenetic inheritance; homogenetic inheritance

Question 9

Why are males more likely to have X-linked inherited disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the X chromosome contains the recessive gene for the disorder, their Y chromosome has no dominant gene to prevent it. 
B)  They are generally more immature at birth. 
C)  Androgen is a hormone that causes disorders to occur. 
D)  If the Y chromosome does not develop properly, the genes on this chromosome cannot prevent the disorder from occurring. 
A)  If the X chromosome contains the recessive gene for the disorder, their Y chromosome has no dominant gene to prevent it. 
B)  They are generally more immature at birth. 
C)  Androgen is a hormone that causes disorders to occur. 
D)  If the Y chromosome does not develop properly, the genes on this chromosome cannot prevent the disorder from occurring.

Question 10

____ is an estimate of the extent to which genes are responsible for the differences among persons within a specific population.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heritability 
B)  Reaction range 
C)  Genetic ratio 
D)  Environmental coefficient 
A)  Heritability 
B)  Reaction range 
C)  Genetic ratio 
D)  Environmental coefficient

Question 11

The typical male ejaculation expels how many sperm?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 to 300 
B)  100 to 300 thousand 
C)  100 to 300 million 
D)  100 to 300 billion 
A)  100 to 300 
B)  100 to 300 thousand 
C)  100 to 300 million 
D)  100 to 300 billion

Question 12

What is the name of the statistic that ranges from 0 to 1.00 and is used to estimate the degree to which genes are responsible for differences among people from a specific population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic correlation 
B)  Heritability estimate 
C)  Concordance rate 
D)  Chromosomal correction 
A)  Genetic correlation 
B)  Heritability estimate 
C)  Concordance rate 
D)  Chromosomal correction

Question 13

Which question best captures the spirit of most individuals who study human development with regard to the nurture/nature question?

Accepted Answer

A)  How do genes and environmental factors interact in the development of memory processes? 
B)  Which human behaviours are determined genetically, and which are determined by environmental factors? 
C)  At what age do environmental factors surpass genetic factors as most important in human development? 
D)  Which genes are responsible for childhood behaviour, and which genes are responsible for adult behaviour? 
A)  How do genes and environmental factors interact in the development of memory processes? 
B)  Which human behaviours are determined genetically, and which are determined by environmental factors? 
C)  At what age do environmental factors surpass genetic factors as most important in human development? 
D)  Which genes are responsible for childhood behaviour, and which genes are responsible for adult behaviour?

Question 14

A friend tells you that she is on a fertility drug to increase the number of follicles during ovulation and is so excited about the possibility of having twins. Based upon the reading, would you agree that she has an increased possibility of conceiving twins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, fertility drugs increase the rate of multiple births by increasing the probability of releasing more than one ovum, which might lead to fraternal twins. 
B)  No, the use of fertility drugs is in no way related in giving birth to twins. 
C)  No, having twins is unpredictable and modern medicine has not been able to alter the process in any way. 
D)  Yes, infertility drugs have shown to increase the rate of identical twins; however, these pregnancies have a much higher rate of miscarriage than non-multiple pregnancies. 
A)  Yes, fertility drugs increase the rate of multiple births by increasing the probability of releasing more than one ovum, which might lead to fraternal twins. 
B)  No, the use of fertility drugs is in no way related in giving birth to twins. 
C)  No, having twins is unpredictable and modern medicine has not been able to alter the process in any way. 
D)  Yes, infertility drugs have shown to increase the rate of identical twins; however, these pregnancies have a much higher rate of miscarriage than non-multiple pregnancies.

Question 15

What fertility technique extracts ova, combines them with sperm and after a few days, implants two or three blastocysts into the woman's uterus?

Accepted Answer

A)  In vitro fertilisation 
B)  Nutritional supplements 
C)  Surrogate motherhood 
D)  Artificial insemination 
A)  In vitro fertilisation 
B)  Nutritional supplements 
C)  Surrogate motherhood 
D)  Artificial insemination

Question 16

Fertilisation is most likely to occur when intercourse occurs ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  within 2 days before and on the day of ovulation 
B)  2 days after ovulation 
C)  5 days after ovulation 
D)  1 week after ovulation 
A)  within 2 days before and on the day of ovulation 
B)  2 days after ovulation 
C)  5 days after ovulation 
D)  1 week after ovulation

Question 17

If having more than five fingers occurs because of a dominant gene, what needs to happen for a person to have more than five fingers?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person must have that dominant gene. 
B)  A person must have two recessive genes. 
C)  The gene must mutate. 
D)  Both dominant genes must be present. 
A)  A person must have that dominant gene. 
B)  A person must have two recessive genes. 
C)  The gene must mutate. 
D)  Both dominant genes must be present.

Question 18

All eggs contain which sex chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  X 
B)  Y 
C)  O 
D)  None 
A)  X 
B)  Y 
C)  O 
D)  None

Question 19

By the end of the third week, the neural tube begins to form. This structure will eventually become ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the skull and torso 
B)  the legs and arms 
C)  the spinal cord and brain 
D)  the lungs and the digestive system 
A)  the skull and torso 
B)  the legs and arms 
C)  the spinal cord and brain 
D)  the lungs and the digestive system

Question 20

What structure provides nutrients from the mother to the foetus, takes waste products away from the foetus and protects the foetus from bacteria and waste in the mother's blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  The placenta 
B)  The umbilical cord 
C)  The amnion 
D)  The germinal structure 
A)  The placenta 
B)  The umbilical cord 
C)  The amnion 
D)  The germinal structure

When concordance rates are higher among monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins, this indicates which of the following?

Infants born with the effects of rubella (German measles) have greatly decreased since the 1960s because ____.

What is the condition when infants are born with parts of their brain missing?

Which of the following is an example of an incomplete dominant inheritance?

What is the name of the downy hair that covers the foetus?

What are possible side effects for the baby of a woman who gains less than 9 kilograms during her pregnancy?

What are the first 2 weeks after fertilisation referred to as?

The concept of reaction range proposes that establish(es) boundaries, whereas determines where a person falls within that range.

Why are males more likely to have X-linked inherited disorders?

____ is an estimate of the extent to which genes are responsible for the differences among persons within a specific population.

The typical male ejaculation expels how many sperm?

What is the name of the statistic that ranges from 0 to 1.00 and is used to estimate the degree to which genes are responsible for differences among people from a specific population?

Which question best captures the spirit of most individuals who study human development with regard to the nurture/nature question?

A friend tells you that she is on a fertility drug to increase the number of follicles during ovulation and is so excited about the possibility of having twins. Based upon the reading, would you agree that she has an increased possibility of conceiving twins?

What fertility technique extracts ova, combines them with sperm and after a few days, implants two or three blastocysts into the woman's uterus?

Fertilisation is most likely to occur when intercourse occurs ____.

If having more than five fingers occurs because of a dominant gene, what needs to happen for a person to have more than five fingers?

All eggs contain which sex chromosome?

By the end of the third week, the neural tube begins to form. This structure will eventually become ____.

What structure provides nutrients from the mother to the foetus, takes waste products away from the foetus and protects the foetus from bacteria and waste in the mother's blood?

A Cultural Approach to Human Development

Birth and the Newborn Child

Infancy

Toddlerhood

Early Childhood

Middle Childhood

Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

Young Adulthood

Middle Adulthood

Late Adulthood

Death and Afterlife Beliefs

Filters

Exam 2: Genetics and Prenatal Development

When concordance rates are higher among monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins, this indicates which of the following?

Infants born with the effects of rubella (German measles) have greatly decreased since the 1960s because ____.

What is the condition when infants are born with parts of their brain missing?

Which of the following is an example of an incomplete dominant inheritance?

What is the name of the downy hair that covers the foetus?

What are possible side effects for the baby of a woman who gains less than 9 kilograms during her pregnancy?

What are the first 2 weeks after fertilisation referred to as?

The concept of reaction range proposes that ____ establish(es) boundaries, whereas ____ determines where a person falls within that range.

Why are males more likely to have X-linked inherited disorders?

____ is an estimate of the extent to which genes are responsible for the differences among persons within a specific population.

The typical male ejaculation expels how many sperm?

What is the name of the statistic that ranges from 0 to 1.00 and is used to estimate the degree to which genes are responsible for differences among people from a specific population?

Which question best captures the spirit of most individuals who study human development with regard to the nurture/nature question?

A friend tells you that she is on a fertility drug to increase the number of follicles during ovulation and is so excited about the possibility of having twins. Based upon the reading, would you agree that she has an increased possibility of conceiving twins?

What fertility technique extracts ova, combines them with sperm and after a few days, implants two or three blastocysts into the woman's uterus?

Fertilisation is most likely to occur when intercourse occurs ____.

If having more than five fingers occurs because of a dominant gene, what needs to happen for a person to have more than five fingers?

All eggs contain which sex chromosome?

By the end of the third week, the neural tube begins to form. This structure will eventually become ____.

What structure provides nutrients from the mother to the foetus, takes waste products away from the foetus and protects the foetus from bacteria and waste in the mother's blood?

A Cultural Approach to Human Development

Birth and the Newborn Child

Infancy

Toddlerhood

Early Childhood

Middle Childhood

Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

Young Adulthood

Middle Adulthood

Late Adulthood

Death and Afterlife Beliefs

Filters

The concept of reaction range proposes that establish(es) boundaries, whereas determines where a person falls within that range.