Exam 18: Global Climate

An infamous cold spell often linked to volcanic activity occurred during the year ____,which has come to be known as "the year without a summer."

____________________ are huge magnetic storms on the Sun that show up as cooler (darker)regions on the Sun's surface.

Generally,the ____ the air when the snow fell,the richer the concentration of oxygen-16 in an ice core.

Describe how the climate of the Northern Hemisphere impacted Europe from the 11th through the 19th centuries.​

The ice began to retreat about 14,700 Ya as surface temperatures slowly rose,producing a(n)______ spell called the Bölling-Alleröd period.​

The water vapor-greenhouse feedback represents a ____ feedback mechanism.

The Viking colony in Greenland perished during the ____.

In the chemical weathering-CO₂ feedback,as chemical weathering increases,____.

18,000 years ago,huge ice sheets called ____ covered vast areas of North America and Europe.

Climate models predict that,by the end of this century,increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases will result in an additional global warming that could be as much as several degrees Celsius.​

Overall,the most prevalent greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is ____.

Sunspots occur in cycles,with the number and size reaching a maximum approximately every ____ years.

When an oceanic plate encounters a lighter continental plate,it responds by ____.

Dendrochronology is the study of ____.

Why did periods of glacial advance in higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere tend to occur with cooler summers,but not necessarily with cooler winters?​

The most recent North American glaciers reached their maximum thickness and extent between about ____.

When all of the Milankovitch cycles are taken into account,the present trend should be toward ____ over high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.

Most of the recent global warming is due to an enhanced greenhouse effect caused by increasing levels of greenhouse gases,such as CO₂.​

If the number of sulfate aerosols inside a cloud should increase,the cloud would have to share its available moisture with the added nuclei,and ____ cloud droplets would be produced.

____ may be the most important weather element in terms of the impact on humans.