Question 1

The federal Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 prohibited the use of polygraph by:

Accepted Answer

A)  all private employers for the purpose of hiring for a job. 
B)  most private employers for the purpose of hiring for a job. 
C)  all public employers including criminal justice agencies. 
D)  all public employers except for national security agencies. 
A)  all private employers for the purpose of hiring for a job. 
B)  most private employers for the purpose of hiring for a job. 
C)  all public employers including criminal justice agencies. 
D)  all public employers except for national security agencies.

Question 2

The following behavioral clues are a reliable indicator that the person is lying:

Accepted Answer

A)  crossing legs or arms. 
B)  averting gaze or avoiding eye contact. 
C)  fidgeting and stuttering. 
D)  none of the above reliably indicate lying. 
A)  crossing legs or arms. 
B)  averting gaze or avoiding eye contact. 
C)  fidgeting and stuttering. 
D)  none of the above reliably indicate lying.

Question 3

The theory behind the polygraph test is based on the assumption that _____ will cause _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the act of lying; increased brain activity 
B)  telling the truth; increased gastrointestinal activity 
C)  the act of lying; physiological arousal 
D)  telling the truth; a decrease in neural impulse activity 
A)  the act of lying; increased brain activity 
B)  telling the truth; increased gastrointestinal activity 
C)  the act of lying; physiological arousal 
D)  telling the truth; a decrease in neural impulse activity

Question 4

Elena was suspected of committing a fraud. Investigators asked her to tell her story in reverse. This promising lie-detection technique is based on the idea that narrating backwards:

Accepted Answer

A)  makes suspects likely to confess. 
B)  causes false negative admission of guilt. 
C)  will be accepted by courts as evidence. 
D)  increases cognitive load. 
A)  makes suspects likely to confess. 
B)  causes false negative admission of guilt. 
C)  will be accepted by courts as evidence. 
D)  increases cognitive load.

Question 5

The _____ shows a video image of the brain in action.

Accepted Answer

A)  fMRI 
B)  NCCA 
C)  CBCA 
D)  EEG 
A)  fMRI 
B)  NCCA 
C)  CBCA 
D)  EEG

Question 6

All of the following lie-detection technologies are described in the text as promising, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  criteria-based content analysis (CBC
A) . 
B)  hand micro-movement tracing. 
C)  electroencephalogram (EEG). 
D)  high-definition infrared thermal imaging. 
A)  criteria-based content analysis (CBC
A) . 
B)  hand micro-movement tracing. 
C)  electroencephalogram (EEG). 
D)  high-definition infrared thermal imaging.

Question 7

Liar's stereotype is a very common but mistaken belief that when lying, people tend to:

Accepted Answer

A)  squirm, stutter, and avoid eye contact. 
B)  talk a lot and be generally friendly. 
C)  be shy and use very few words. 
D)  move very little or try to stay still. 
A)  squirm, stutter, and avoid eye contact. 
B)  talk a lot and be generally friendly. 
C)  be shy and use very few words. 
D)  move very little or try to stay still.

Question 8

Discuss what available scientific evidence says about people's abilities to detect lies.

Accepted Answer

•Lying is ubiquitous and multifaceted.
•

Question 9

According to the text, confirmation bias is one's tendency to:

Accepted Answer

A)  seek out evidence that supports one's pre-existing beliefs. 
B)  confirm the obvious when everybody else is already convinced anyway. 
C)  conclude that the suspect is lying despite having trusted this person before. 
D)  attribute errors in judgment to agreement with others. 
A)  seek out evidence that supports one's pre-existing beliefs. 
B)  confirm the obvious when everybody else is already convinced anyway. 
C)  conclude that the suspect is lying despite having trusted this person before. 
D)  attribute errors in judgment to agreement with others.

Question 10

In the comparison question test (CQT) of polygraph examination, comparison questions are designed to be _____ and compel people to _____ when answering them.

Accepted Answer

A)  directly related to the crime in question; tell the truth 
B)  uncomfortable but unrelated to the crime in question; lie 
C)  outrageous and insulting; lose their temper 
D)  innocent-sounding but highly coercive; admit to committing the crime 
A)  directly related to the crime in question; tell the truth 
B)  uncomfortable but unrelated to the crime in question; lie 
C)  outrageous and insulting; lose their temper 
D)  innocent-sounding but highly coercive; admit to committing the crime

Question 11

Based on research studies of people's abilities in lie detection, the following statement is true:

Accepted Answer

A)  Most people can easily detect when another person is lying. 
B)  Police detectives are no better at detecting lies than college students. 
C)  Training does significantly improve lie detection abilities. 
D)  Fidgeting and avoiding eye contact are reliable clues that the person is lying. 
A)  Most people can easily detect when another person is lying. 
B)  Police detectives are no better at detecting lies than college students. 
C)  Training does significantly improve lie detection abilities. 
D)  Fidgeting and avoiding eye contact are reliable clues that the person is lying.

Question 12

Which of the following statements correctly reflects the current legal status of the polygraph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Almost half of the states have banned the use of polygraph results in court. 
B)  Only five states allow the use of polygraph evidence in court. 
C)  The Supreme Court has banned the use of polygraph tests in criminal trials. 
D)  Polygraph evidence can only be used in criminal but not civil cases. 
A)  Almost half of the states have banned the use of polygraph results in court. 
B)  Only five states allow the use of polygraph evidence in court. 
C)  The Supreme Court has banned the use of polygraph tests in criminal trials. 
D)  Polygraph evidence can only be used in criminal but not civil cases.

Question 13

The ability of humans to maintain relatively harmonious social relationships is facilitated by our capacity to _____ the truth.

Accepted Answer

A)  bend and reshape 
B)  be brutally honest and share 
C)  deny and reclaim 
D)  preserve and maintain 
A)  bend and reshape 
B)  be brutally honest and share 
C)  deny and reclaim 
D)  preserve and maintain

Question 14

Jared was questioning a suspect using the Reid technique, and after a long and exhausting interrogation, the suspect falsely confessed to the crime just to put an end to the interrogation. When hearing this confession, Jared felt even more confident that the suspect was guilty. This is an illustration of the phenomenon that psychologists call:

Accepted Answer

A)  false-positive bias. 
B)  attribution bias. 
C)  exhaustion bias. 
D)  confirmation bias. 
A)  false-positive bias. 
B)  attribution bias. 
C)  exhaustion bias. 
D)  confirmation bias.

Question 15

When researchers assessed police detectives' ability to detect lies, they found the police to be _____ likely to correctly assess the truthfulness of videotaped statements compared with college students.

Accepted Answer

A)  more 
B)  less 
C)  equally as 
D)  significantly more 
A)  more 
B)  less 
C)  equally as 
D)  significantly more

Question 16

When surveyed by Kassin and his colleagues (2005), police investigators believed they detect lies _____, whereas their actual lie-detecting ability compared with that of college students was _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  much better than average; worse 
B)  no better than average; higher 
C)  worse than most people; higher 
D)  at an average level; much worse 
A)  much better than average; worse 
B)  no better than average; higher 
C)  worse than most people; higher 
D)  at an average level; much worse

Question 17

Bond and DePaulo (2006) analyzed the results from 384 studies that tested the lie-detecting ability of more than 24,000 people and found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  most people can rather accurately guess whether they are told the truth or a lie. 
B)  the accuracy rate of most people is barely above the 50% guessing level. 
C)  about 50% of people are especially clairvoyant and able to discern truths from lies. 
D)  training people can substantially increase their lie-detecting ability. 
A)  most people can rather accurately guess whether they are told the truth or a lie. 
B)  the accuracy rate of most people is barely above the 50% guessing level. 
C)  about 50% of people are especially clairvoyant and able to discern truths from lies. 
D)  training people can substantially increase their lie-detecting ability.

Question 18

When jurors are presented with polygraph evidence, they:

Accepted Answer

A)  are warned by the judge that the polygraph has questionable validity. 
B)  also must hear an expert testimony to understand the evidence properly. 
C)  generally disregard it. 
D)  take such evidence seriously. 
A)  are warned by the judge that the polygraph has questionable validity. 
B)  also must hear an expert testimony to understand the evidence properly. 
C)  generally disregard it. 
D)  take such evidence seriously.

Question 19

The guilty knowledge test (GKT) polygraph technique:

Accepted Answer

A)  led to the demise of the polygraph as an interrogation tool. 
B)  is almost identical to the comparison question test (CQT) technique. 
C)  does not attempt to detect lies. 
D)  can be applied in almost every criminal case. 
A)  led to the demise of the polygraph as an interrogation tool. 
B)  is almost identical to the comparison question test (CQT) technique. 
C)  does not attempt to detect lies. 
D)  can be applied in almost every criminal case.

Question 20

Illustrate how the polygraph can be used as a coercion device to force a confession.

Accepted Answer

•A police interrogator may ask a suspect

The federal Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 prohibited the use of polygraph by:

The following behavioral clues are a reliable indicator that the person is lying:

The theory behind the polygraph test is based on the assumption that _ will cause _.

Elena was suspected of committing a fraud. Investigators asked her to tell her story in reverse. This promising lie-detection technique is based on the idea that narrating backwards:

The _____ shows a video image of the brain in action.

All of the following lie-detection technologies are described in the text as promising, EXCEPT:

Liar's stereotype is a very common but mistaken belief that when lying, people tend to:

Discuss what available scientific evidence says about people's abilities to detect lies.

According to the text, confirmation bias is one's tendency to:

In the comparison question test (CQT) of polygraph examination, comparison questions are designed to be _ and compel people to _ when answering them.

Based on research studies of people's abilities in lie detection, the following statement is true:

Which of the following statements correctly reflects the current legal status of the polygraph?

The ability of humans to maintain relatively harmonious social relationships is facilitated by our capacity to _____ the truth.

When researchers assessed police detectives' ability to detect lies, they found the police to be _____ likely to correctly assess the truthfulness of videotaped statements compared with college students.

When surveyed by Kassin and his colleagues (2005), police investigators believed they detect lies _, whereas their actual lie-detecting ability compared with that of college students was _.

Bond and DePaulo (2006) analyzed the results from 384 studies that tested the lie-detecting ability of more than 24,000 people and found that:

When jurors are presented with polygraph evidence, they:

The guilty knowledge test (GKT) polygraph technique:

Illustrate how the polygraph can be used as a coercion device to force a confession.

Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Presents Several Potential Solutions to the Problem of False Confessions Which of the Following Is Not One of These Solutions

The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Competency to Stand Trial

Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

The Insanity Defense

Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Child Custody Disputes

Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

The Death Penalty

Filters

Exam 3: Lie Detection

The federal Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 prohibited the use of polygraph by:

The following behavioral clues are a reliable indicator that the person is lying:

The theory behind the polygraph test is based on the assumption that _____ will cause _____.

Elena was suspected of committing a fraud. Investigators asked her to tell her story in reverse. This promising lie-detection technique is based on the idea that narrating backwards:

The _____ shows a video image of the brain in action.

All of the following lie-detection technologies are described in the text as promising, EXCEPT:

Liar's stereotype is a very common but mistaken belief that when lying, people tend to:

Discuss what available scientific evidence says about people's abilities to detect lies.

According to the text, confirmation bias is one's tendency to:

In the comparison question test (CQT) of polygraph examination, comparison questions are designed to be _____ and compel people to _____ when answering them.

Based on research studies of people's abilities in lie detection, the following statement is true:

Which of the following statements correctly reflects the current legal status of the polygraph?

The ability of humans to maintain relatively harmonious social relationships is facilitated by our capacity to _____ the truth.

When researchers assessed police detectives' ability to detect lies, they found the police to be _____ likely to correctly assess the truthfulness of videotaped statements compared with college students.

When surveyed by Kassin and his colleagues (2005), police investigators believed they detect lies _____, whereas their actual lie-detecting ability compared with that of college students was _____.

Bond and DePaulo (2006) analyzed the results from 384 studies that tested the lie-detecting ability of more than 24,000 people and found that:

When jurors are presented with polygraph evidence, they:

The guilty knowledge test (GKT) polygraph technique:

Illustrate how the polygraph can be used as a coercion device to force a confession.

Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Presents Several Potential Solutions to the Problem of False Confessions Which of the Following Is Not One of These Solutions

The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Competency to Stand Trial

Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

The Insanity Defense

Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Child Custody Disputes

Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

The Death Penalty

Filters

The theory behind the polygraph test is based on the assumption that _ will cause _.

In the comparison question test (CQT) of polygraph examination, comparison questions are designed to be _ and compel people to _ when answering them.

When surveyed by Kassin and his colleagues (2005), police investigators believed they detect lies _, whereas their actual lie-detecting ability compared with that of college students was _.