Exam 3: Causal Inference in Research on Families and Children

Using the information provided in Table 3.1, identify the cell that best represents studying the effects of national minimum wage on a couple's likelihood for divorce. [A matrix for generating research questions about families, which includes separate rows for different independent variables of units of analysis, such as individual, dyad, and coresidential family]

If two variables are related, then it is safe to assume that they have a causal relationship.

It is helpful for researchers to find the ______ by trying to identify which contexts might produce the association they are studying.

Which of the following criteria for establishing causality would be the most difficult to achieve when conducting a cross-sectional study?

When conducting research, there may be other variables that affect the dependent variable besides the independent variable.Researchers can choose to include these ______ variables if their effect on the dependent variable is strong enough.

In some cases, it may seem like there is a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables even if there is no actual relationship.However, a third variable may create the illusion that there is a causal relationship.This phenomenon is called a ______.

______ are additional factors that affect the dependent variable while being influenced by the independent variable.

When constructing a hypothesis, researchers should try to predict the average outcomes of a population.

Which of the following is the best research design for determining causality between variables?

Which of the following steps would be the most difficult for a researcher when trying to prove a causal relationship?

Which of the following is the variable that would most likely be the independent variable in a study?

Moderating variables directly affect both the independent and dependent variables.

It only takes one study to prove if there is a causal relationship between two variables.

The unit of analysis used to study communities is most likely on a(n) ______ level.

Researchers might use a nondirectional hypothesis if they do not have enough evidence to predict the nature of an association.