Exam 4: Actus Reus

______ possession refers to contraband that is outside of an individual's physical control over which he or she exercises control as a result of access to the location where the items are stored or through his or her ability to control an individual with physical control over the contraband.

In which situation is the individually likely to be charged with a crime if stopped by a police officer?

Which of the following offenses is considered a possession?

The practical considerations of requiring that a criminal act be voluntary include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

Which case held that the defendants had been improperly arrested and punished because they were unemployed "hippies"?

What types of acts are covered under the Model Penal Code as involuntary acts? Do you believe these acts should be protected? Why or why not? Are there others that you would add to the list? If so, discuss why you would add them. What are some of the issues and challenges posed by using these involuntary acts as a defense during trial?

Mere possession refers to an individual's awareness that he or she is in possession of contraband.

What does fleeting possession permit?

The common law recognized that individuals possess an obligation to assist their child, spouse, or employee. This is known as a(n) ______.

List a reason as to why the criminal law punishes voluntary acts and does NOT penalize thoughts.

A(n) ______ is a failure to act or a negative act.

Why do we have the American bystander rule? What are the criticisms of the American bystander rule? Which argument do you agree with? Why?

It is NOT necessary for the voluntary act to have caused the social harm to be punishable under the relevant statute.

List and discuss five conditions under which an individual has a duty to intervene. Give an example of each.

An obligation to intervene may be created by an agreement or a(n) ______.

______ describes a situation wherein an individual takes on responsibility for and a legal duty to a stranger in peril because he or she chose to assist.

The basic rule in the United States is that an individual is not legally required to assist a person who is in peril.

In State v. Mally the duty to intervene was recognized on what basis?

Why is the punishment of a status offense considered cruel and usual?

All of the following involuntary acts are covered under the Model Penal Code EXCEPT ______.